Good Afternoon!!!! 1.NVC 2.Wrap Up Russian Revolution(s) 3.Totalitarianism: The Rise of Stalin Essential Question: What kind of leader was Joseph Stalin

How were the causes and effects of the February Revolution and October Revolution similar and different?

Reactions to the Russian Revolution Western Europe and U.S. frightened of the Russian Revolution and Lenin’s ideas Russian Civil War – White Army vs. Red Army Liberals/Royalists vs. Lenin’s Marxists – Britain, France, and U.S. support White Army Lenin’s side wins – Bolsheviks rename themselves the Communist Party

Rise of Stalin 1924 Vladimir Lenin dies Two possible successors – Leon Trotsky: moderate former Menshevik and leader of the Red Army – Joseph Stalin: “man of steel” and General Secretary of Communist Party “Comrade Stalin has concentrated enormous power in his hands, and I am not sure that he always knows how to use that power with caution”– Lenin, Stalin has Leon Trotsky murdered with an ice pick – rises to absolute power

Totalitarianism Ideas are more powerful than guns. We would not let our enemies have guns, why should we let them have ideas?. –Joseph Stalin Totalitarianism: no limits on the power of the government. Controls every aspect of life and society

Stalin’s Agenda Creates a Totalitarian state Five-Year Plans – Plan for rapid industrialization Command Economy – Government controls and owns every aspect of the economy Collectivization of land – government controls all land and decides how its used

Human Cost of Totalitarianism Famine – 6-8 million people starve due to Collectivization The Great Purge – “all bourgeoisie or anti- soviet elements” killed or jailed – Gulags: prison labor camps fuel industrialization – 1.5 million killed