Packets: WWII Imperialism Cold War

Napoleonic Europe  Napoleon rises to power in France through the military with his defense of the Revolution, and France against European coalition forces.  “Coup d'état” carried out in 1799  His power is consolidated through the use of plebiscites in 1800, 1802, and Crowns himself emperor in 1804  Napoleonic Code revolutionized French and European Society

Breakdown of the Empire: Three mistakes?  French Empire  Grand Empire  Allied States  Continental System  Peninsular War  Invasion of Russia

19 th Century Europe

 Congress of Vienna  Meeting of the Great Powers of Europe to determine what to do now that Napoleon has been defeated.  Goals:  Restore monarchies (legitimacy)  Restore pre-Napoleonic French boundaries  Strengthen the countries that surround France  Restore a balance of power to Europe

 : Sometimes referred to as the Age of Metternich because of the relative stability in Europe created at the Congress of Vienna.  The Industrial Revolution which began in Great Britain in the mid- 18 th century is spreading throughout Europe and changing the makeup of European Society.

1848 – A year of revolution in Europe!  Working class radicals and middle class liberals believed that the provisions of the Congress of Vienna were outdated and many throughout Europe revolted in 1848  European rulers counter-revolutions put an end to most of the discontent, and by 1849 Europe had practically returned to its pre-1848 status.

 19 th century is sometimes referred to as the age of “isms” : List as many as you can think of…  Karl Marx published the “Communist Manifesto”  Italian and German wars of unification  Late 19 th century to the early 20 th century is sometimes referred to as the Age of Imperialism.  The European -> American policy: extending one’s country’s rule over many lands.

Russian Revolution

 Russian reformers and revolutionaries are encouraged by the failure of the Russian government in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904, and by the Russian Revolution of 1905 (Bloody Sunday).

 Constitutional Democrats – Moderate reformers who wanted to establish a constitutional monarchy.  Social Revolutionaries – Supported a peasant revolution, and a special rural socialism.  Social Democrats – Marxists who supported a working class revolution.  Bolsheviks vs. Mensheviks

 The horrible effect of WWI on Russia, and the continued shortages, desertions, and rioting forced Nicholas II to abdicate in A Provisional Government is rivaled by the Petrograd Soviet throughout this year. The Bolsheviks carry out a second revolution late that same year and take control of the government.

 : Russian Civil War (Reds vs. Whites)  Lenin institutes the NEP  1924: Lenin dies, Trotsky and Stalin compete for power.  By 1928, Stalin has control of the government, and rules to  Institutes his agricultural and industrial 5-year plans along with the purges of his enemies.

World War I  In the late 19 th century, German industry grew, as well as their appetite for colonial expansion. A naval arms race ensued with the Western powers, and both sides set up alliance systems.  Triple Alliance vs. Triple Entente

 Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand sets off a series of events in 1914 which leads to World War I. -June 28: Assassination -July 5: Blank Check -July 23: Ultimatum -July 28: A-H declares war on Serbia -July 30: Russia mobilizes -Aug 1: Germany declares war on RU and FR -Aug 4: German invasion of Belgium -Aug 5: Great Britain declares war on Germany Central PowersAllied Powers

 War results in a military stalemate caused by military strategy not matching the advancements made in military technology  Treaty of Versailles (1919):  Places “War Guilt” on Germany 1.Financial Reparation 2.Military restriction 3.Territorial loss

Weimar Republic  German democratic government, which is forced to sign the treaty. Due to the harsh conditions of the treaty, and the failure of the German economy, the Nazi party will rise out of the aftermath of World War I.