Course Code: BIO 2010 & BIO 1080 Course Title: General Biology (1) & General Biology Departments: Biology, Chemistry, Physics & Mathematics Levels: Second and Third Levels Credit hours: (3,2) Prepared by: Dr. Shereen Elkholy Lectures (1-7)

Course Code: BIO 2010 & BIO 1080 Course Title: General Biology (1) & General Biology Departments: Biology, Chemistry, Physics & Mathematics Levels: Second and Third Levels Credit hours: (3,2) Prepared by: Dr. Shereen Elkholy Lectures (1-7))

Course Description ► Definition of Biology ► Chemical basis of living organisms ► Organic components of living organisms ► Non Organic components of living organisms ► Cells and Tissues of Plants (Structure and function) ► Biodiversity (The division and classification of viruses-bacteria- algae- plant) ► Bioenergy production (Photosynthesis- Securing solar energy) ► Breakdown of large molecules and release of energy ► The main roads of genetic

Definition of Biology Biology (from the Greek words bios = life and logos = science or studying). It means the study of life or living organisms in terms of their structure, function, distribution, adaptation, interactions, evolution and all vital activities.

Life Properties Despite the difficulty of defining life and determine its characteristics accurately, the secret of life lies in the protoplasm (living material that make up the body cells of the organism). protoplasm consists of organic compounds as nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and fats, but it is characterized by being living.

The most important characteristic of living organisms is the ability to conduct the next vital operations: 1-Nutrition A vital process that enables the organism to obtain the necessary energy to carry out other vital operations.

Nutrition includes the following stages: a- Nutrient uptake b- Nutrient Processing c- Waste elimination 2-Respiration It is the process of gas exchange. Inhalation of Oxygen Exhalation of carbon dioxide.

3-Growth and Reproduction Growth: Constitutes the total of the biological processes that lead to increase the size of the organism. The reproduction is increasing the number of organisms. 4- Locomotion Means the ability of the organism to move from one place to another in the media where they live this known as the virtual movement in animals

sometimes some plants exercise this type of movement as the movement of insect-eaters plants. if we look closer under the microscope, we see the movement of organelles in the cells, this type of movement is known as cytoplasmic movement.

Response to the external stimuli: the Organism responds to external stimuli by irritability through moving to or away from the source. As a result of persistent exposure to this external source arises the so-called individual adaptation. Over time, produces the so- called evolution.

Biological Sciences branches Morphology Ecology Taxonomy Anatomy Histology Cytology Genetics Embryology Physiology Animal Behavior Biochemistry Microbiology Parasitology Phycology Mycology Virology Entomology Pathology Vertebrates zoology Invertebrates zoology Marine biology Endocrinology Auxinology Evolution Biotechnology Genetic engineering

Morphology Study the shape and the outer structure of the living organism. Ecology Study the relationship of living organisms with each other and with the media where they live. Taxonomy Study the classification of living organisms and their division in groups.

Anatomy Study the internal structure of the living organism. Histology Study the composition and function of tissues of the living organism. Cytology Study the molecular composition of cells and its biological processes.

Genetics Study the genetic material and genetic traits and their transmission across generations. Embryology Study the formation and growth of embryos of living organisms. Physiology Study the function of the body organs of the living organisms.

Animal Behavior Study the animal behavior in response to external stimuli. Biochemistry : Study the chemistry of the cell and its biological process. Microbiology The study of different micro-organisms.

Parasitology Study the biological and environmental characteristics of parasites and the diseases caused them. Phycology Study the biological and environmental characteristics of algae. Mycology Study the biological and environmental characteristics of fungi and their relationships to humans.

Virology Study the biological and environmental characteristics of viruses and the diseases caused by them. Entomology Study the biological and environmental characteristics of insects and their economic and pathological relationship to humans.

Pathology Study the causes of different diseases, and the methods of treatment. Vertebrates zoology Study the biological environmental characteristics of vertebrate animals Invertebrates zoology Study the biological and environmental characteristics of invertebrate animals.

Marine biology Study the biological and environmental characteristics of marine organisms. Endocrinolog Study the biological characteristics of animal hormone. Auxinology Study the biological characteristics of plant hormones.