Warm-Up Sept 2 What was the cause of the Compromise of 1850? What effect did it have on the nation?

THE POLITICS OF SLAVERY

sectionalism (n.) an intense loyalty for local interests or concerns.

ALL THE WAY BACK TO 1820  James Monroe was president  The crisis developed when Missouri applied for statehood in The leaders of the Missouri territory intended it to be slave state which aroused the anger of politicians in the northern states.

STOP Add map in output side

SOLUTION: MISSOURI COMPROMISE  Maine = free  Missouri = slave  But no territory to the north of Missouri’s southern border, the 36° 30' parallel could enter the Union as a slave state.

BUT….  The slavery issue is still being fought  New states are being formed  Sectionalism is increasing

DOUGHFACE PRESIDENTS

WHAT IS A DOUGHFACE?  The term doughface came to be used generally in the 1800’s as a negative context for a politician who was a northerner, but sided with the south.  It was specifically used for politicians who betrayed their region in issues of slavery.

 Pres. Millard Fillmore (from New York), known as a methodical and serious.  Supported the Compromise of 1850 which angered other Northerners.

STOP Add map of 1850

COMPROMISE OF 1850  Texas: Slave, California: Free,  California would balance Texas  Rest of Mexican Cession (Utah, New Mexico, AZ & Nevada) would be settled by voters  Fugitive Slave Law, Angered Northerners

FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT (PART OF THE COMPROMISE OF 1850)  mandated that states to which escaped slaves fled must return them to their masters  persons who helped runaway slaves faced criminal charges This infuriated the North!

 Pres. Franklin Pierce (from New Hampshire), known as a wild-man in his young years, married a very shy woman. His three sons all died before he even became president.  Said he was anti-slavery, but sided with the Southern plantation owners.

 Supported the Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 which resulted in heavier stress and fighting between the North and South.

Kansas- Nebraska Act, 1854 Senator Stephen Douglas wanted to create the transcontinental railroad. Congress created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opening new lands for settlement, and and repealed the Missouri Compromise of Allowed popular sovereignty Popular sovereignty (n.) : the people decide

Divided the region into two territories. Kansas: Popular Sovereignty would decide the slave status Nebraska: Slavery was prohibited

19 CIVIL WAR IN KANSAS  Many Americans crossed the border in order to influence the vote on slavery.  Southern pro-slavery "border ruffians," fought heavily with northern abolitionists.  Resulted in "Bleeding Kansas" ; a civil war that erupted in the new territory.

Sacking of Lawrence May 1856, when pro- slavery activists attacked and ransacked the town of Lawrence, Kansas, which had been founded by anti- slavery settlers to help ensure that Kansas would become a "free state".

23 POTTAWATOMIE CREEK MASSACRE  John Brown was an American abolitionist and extremist, who felt passionately that he must personally fight to end slavery.  In 1856, in retaliation for the sack of Lawrence, he and his sons led the murder of five proslavery men on the banks of the Pottawatomie River.

The sack of Lawrence and the massacre at Pottawatomie set off a brutal guerrilla war in Kansas. By the end of 1856, over 200 people would be gunned down in cold blood. Property damage reached millions of dollars. Federal troops were sent in to put down the fighting, but they were too few to have much effect. Kansas served as a small scale prelude to the bloody catastrophe that engulfed the entire nation only 5 years later.

A Congressional committee was established in 1856 to deal with the problems in Kansas.

27 CANING OF SUMNER  Charles Sumner was a senator from MA and fierce critic of the Kansas-Nebraska Act  May 1856, Sumner's "Crime Against Kansas" speech, was not received well by southerners.  Rep. Preston Brooks, entered the Senate chambers and violently attacked Sumner, beating him with a cane.  Increased support for the Republican Party Republicans solidified their base by rehashing the details of the attack exhaustively in newspapers. Increased support for the party was a direct result of the attack of Charles Sumner.

 Pres. James Buchanan ( from Pennsylania) was engaged to a young women who met an untimely death. Never married.  Basically did nothing when it came to slavery.  Supported the Supreme Court decision regarding Dred Scott in 1857 (which infuriated the North) and did nothing further.

DRED SCOTT 1857

Dred Scott was a slave of an army physician who had lived in the Wisconsin Territory, where slavery was illegal. Upon returning to Missouri, Scott sued for his freedom on the grounds that he had once lived in a free territory.

In March 1857, the Supreme Court ruled against Dred Scott :  Congress had no right to prohibit slavery in the territories  slaves were not citizens, just property

Buchanan declared slavery a matter for individual states and territories to decide. As to the Supreme Court decision over Dred Scott, he stated would settle the controversy over the spread of slavery once and for all.

James Monroe President Missouri Compromise Event Franklin Pierce James Buchanan Abraham Lincoln Millard Fillmore Compromise of Kansas Nebraska Act 1857 Dred Scott Decision 1861 Civil War Starts

Every action has a reaction. And every cause has an effect. Try it:  Was late to school - Cause?  Government official ignores a problem - Effect?

Cause Effect Comp of 1850 Kansas- Nebraska Act Dred Scott Case

Popular Sovereignty Doughface Presidents Compromi se of 1850 Kansas- Nebraska Act Dred Scott Decision Caused rioting and chaos when multitudes rushed Kansas border Ineffective politics led to war South started preparing for war Developed prejudice between the north and the south Took away the power from Congress to regulate slavery.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin Dred Scott Decision Fugitive Slave Act Harper’s Ferry Popular Sovereignty