Echoes of Revolution (1750-1914) AP World History Chapter 17

The Abolition of Slavery 1780 – 1890 = slavery lost its legitimacy and was largely ended Multiple strands of anti-slavery thinking: Secular = slavery is a violation of natural rights and the ideas of liberty and equality Religious = slavery is a moral; a “crime in the sight of God” Economic = slavery is not necessary for economic progress; countries can be successful with paid labor Political = slavery is unwise because obviously slaves aren’t content and could rise up and revolt

The Abolition of Slavery Most powerful abolitionist movements = in Britain Growing pressure on the government to take action  techniques included: Pamphlets  featuring descriptions of slavery Petitions to Parliament Lawsuits Boycotts of slave-produced sugar Public meetings  most of which featured testimony of former slaves Public Meeting Featuring an Abolitionist Speaker

The Abolition of Slavery 1807 = Britain ended the sale of slaves within its empire 1834 = Britain freed all remaining slaves British naval vessels patrolled the Atlantic, intercepted illegal slave ships, and freed the people on board Other countries followed suit over the next half century

Resistance to Abolition Abolition was not easy Plantation owners = fiercely resisted the efforts of abolitionists Both European and African slave traders also resisted abolitionists Most intense resistance to abolition and persistence of slavery = in the southern United States Took a WAR to end slavery!

Effects of Abolition Economic and political lives of former slaves = did not improve dramatically at all Often could not find work or found work, but were paid VERY little No political equality  in many places, former slaves couldn’t vote and had to live with harsh segregation laws Former slaves had to deal with persistent racism, discrimination, and violence

Nations and Nationalism (1750-1914) AP World History Chapter 17

What is a Nation? A “state” = political territory that does not necessarily coincide with the culture of a certain group of people For most of world history, people have been organized into great empires or smaller states like this These entities governed culturally diverse societies A “nation” = has a distinct culture and territory and deserves an independent political life Citizens of a nation = feel connected to their fellows by ties of blood, culture, or common experience Not simply common subjects of a ruling dynasty

What did Nationalism Inspire? 1871 = the political unification of Italy and Germany Greeks and Serbs = asserted their independence from the Ottoman Empire Czechs and Hungarians = demanded more independence within the Austrian Empire Poles and Ukrainians = became more aware of their oppression within the Russian Empire Irish = sought separation from Great Britain European Jews = sought a homeland in Palestine

Results of Nationalism Intensified rivalries between European states Fueled a highly competitive drive for colonies in Asia and Africa One of the leading causes of World War I

Different Versions of Nationalism “Civic Nationalism” = the nation is a particular territory and people of various cultural backgrounds can assimilate into the dominant culture Example: “becoming American” Other versions = defined the nation in racial terms, which excluded those who did not share common ancestry Example: Germany expelling all “non-German”, especially Jewish people

Europe around 1880

Feminist Beginnings (1750-1914) AP World History Chapter 17

Feminist Beginnings Feminist movements took shape mostly in Europe and North America Believed revolutionary ideas of liberty and equality applied to women also First organized women’s rights conference = in Seneca Falls, NY in 1848 Leading feminist and speaker = Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Major Goals of the Feminist Movement Access to schools and universities Access to more professions Suffrage (the right to vote) 1893 = New Zealand is the first country to grant all women the right to vote 1920 = 19th Amendment passed in the U.S. Most countries did not grant female suffrage until after WWI

Some Accomplishments of the Movement Increased entrance to universities and increasing women’s literacy rates Many U.S. states passed laws to let women control and manage their own property and wages Increased access to professions Medicine opened to a few Teaching Social work (invented by Jane Addams) Nursing (professionalized by Florence Nightingale)

Opposition to Feminism Many viewed feminists as selfish and willing to sacrifice their families and/or the nation in order to pursue individual goals Some argued: the strains of education and life in the world outside the home would cause reproductive damage Result: it would depopulate the nation What many believed women should keep doing