Regulation of Gene Expression Chapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

Operon What elements from the following list constitute a bacterial operon? structural gene(s) repressor gene promoter operator inducer Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

Gene Regulation Each of a group of bacterial cells has a mutation in its lac operon. Which of these will make it impossible for the cell to metabolize lactose? mutation in lacZ (β-galactosidase gene) mutation in lacI (cannot bind to operator) mutation in promoter (cannot bind polymerase) mutation in operator (cannot bind repressor) mutation in lacI (cannot bind inducer) Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

When At which stages of gene expression are bacteria usually regulated When At which stages of gene expression are bacteria usually regulated? Eukaryotes? Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

Transcription Factors General transcription factors in eukaryotes are needed for all genes using the same RNA polymerase. What is the function of specific transcription factors? Of enhancers? Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

Alternative Products A specific gene is known to code for three different but related proteins. This could be due to which of the following? premature mRNA degradation alternative RNA splicing use of different enhancers protein degradation differential transport Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

miRNA A given RNA transcript forms numerous hairpin loops that are cut (diced) to form short double-stranded non-coding sequences. How can these resulting strands affect gene expression? Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

Developmental Regulation In the development of a multicellular organism, differential gene expression is responsible for both differentiation and sequential regulation. Write a plausible hypothesis for how one of these could occur in the formation of the heart. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

Embryo Formation Scientists showed that bicoid mRNA, and then its Bicoid protein, is normally found in highest concentration at the fly’s anterior. Predict what would happen if Bicoid were injected at the posterior end. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

Oncogenes Which of the following would not typically cause a proto-oncogene to become an oncogene? gene suppression translocation amplification point mutation retroviral activation Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

Multistep Cancer Causation How does the multistep model of colorectal cancer illustrate how an individual might inherit a “predisposition” for a particular type of cancer? Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.