Have out your Unit Two Objective Sheet while you take notes

27. What was the Constitutional Convention? Why was it held? Where was it held? Meeting of delegates from the 13 states To fix the Articles  then create a new plan … Called?

Purpose of the Constitution: The Preamble

Representation Debate Virginia Plan: -Bicameral legislature -Representation based on population -3 branches -NO right to tax -Which states would like this plan? Why? New Jersey Plan: -Unicameral legislature -Representation is equal -2 branches -YES can tax -Which states would like this plan? Why?

Great Compromise of the Legislative Branch: -3 branches -Congress = bicameral -House of Representatives based on population -Senate based on equality Great Compromise Wait! Do slaves count as population for the southern states?

3/5 th Compromise South wants more population = more power!! North wants more power = if slaves count then make them citizens!! Compromise = each slave counted as 3/5 of a person when counting population for the House of Representatives

Time out 32. What was the Virginia Plan? What group of states favored it? Why? 33. What was the New Jersey Plan? What group of states favored it? Why? 34. What was the Great Compromise? What are the parts of it? How is representation in the House of Representatives determined? How is representation in the Senate determined? 35. What was the 3/5 Compromise? What does the Constitution say about slavery?

Principles of the Constitution Separation of Powers Popular Sovereignty Limited Government Federalism

1. Separation of Powers “When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same boy of magistrates, there can be no liberty.” - Montesquieu

Three Branches Legislative Branch -House of Representatives -Senate -Together known as Congress -Make the laws Judicial Branch -Supreme Court -Interprets the laws Executive Branch -President -Vice Prez -Cabinet of advisors -Military -FBI -Executes / carries out the laws Why should there be three branches?

2. Popular Sovereignty Popular = the majority like it Sovereignty = power Sooo… people have the power to vote and the majority rules

3. Limited Government Preventing tyranny / corruption in the government. (they can’t do everything) How do we stop a part of the government from doing something bad?

Checks and Balances System in which each branch of government has the power to monitor and limit the actions of the other two.

4. Federalism Powers are separated between a national and state government; however some powers are shared

Time out 30. How many branches of government exist under the Constitution? What are they? What person / group is associated with each branch? 31. What keeps one branch of government from becoming stronger than another? Which philosopher came up with this idea?

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Supported the Constitution Supported strong National Government Wrote the Federalist Papers to show why the Const. needed to be approved (ratified) Feared the power of the people Opposed the Constitution Supported states rights Saw the constitution as a betrayal of the Revolution Feared the power of the government Feared for individual liberties “Had American patriots fought and died to create yet another government to tax them and tell them what to do?”

Who won? The Federalists!! Because they promised to add a ___________ _________________ ___________ to the Constitution, that way their _________________ would be protected from a centralized government. Bill of Rights individual liberties

STOP – Reading Time

Time out 28. What kind of people were Anti-federalists? They believed who should have the power in government? What were their arguments against ratification of the Constitution? 29. What kind of people were Federalists? Who did they believe should have the power in government? What were their arguments for ratifying the Constitution without the Bill of Rights? 36. What was added to the Constitution to gain Anti- federalist support? Why? 37. Who does the Bill of Rights protect? How?