Introduction to Body Structure

4 Types of Body Tissue *Tissue = group of similar cells that work together to perform a common function Epithelial Nervous Connective Muscle tissues

Epithelial Tissue Lines most body surfaces Protects other tissues from dehydration and physical damage An epithelial layer is a few cells thick Cells are flat and thin

Nervous Tissue Nerve cells and their supporting cells Carry information throughout the body

Connective Tissue Support, protect, and insulate the body Examples: fat, cartilage, bone, tendons, and blood

Muscle Tissue 3 kinds that enable movement of body structures by muscle contraction 1) Skeletal: voluntary muscle, moves bones in the trunk and limbs 2) Smooth: involuntary muscle, slow and long lasting contraction 3) Cardiac: heart, powerful and rhythmic contractions

Muscle Activity How would the following activities differ: Doing as many toe raises as possible in 2 minutes vs. Doing slow and controlled toe raises for 2 minutes Aerobic vs anaerobic? Fast twitch vs slow twitch muscle fibers?

Organizational Hierarchy Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Body Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Human Body

Body Organs/Tissues Cell Basic unit, programmed for a specific function Tissues Specialized group of cells Blood, bone marrow, etc. Organs Specialized tissues that allow for a specific function Several types of tissues make up an entire organ Heart, skin, pancreas, etc.

Organ Systems 11 Major Organ Systems in the body -Circulatory-Muscular -Digestive-Endocrine -Excretory-Nervous -Immune/Lymphatic -Integumentary -Reproductive-Skeletal -Respiratory

Body Cavities Cranial Spinal Thoracic Diaphragm Abdominal

Homeostasis Body’s organ systems must function smoothly together… Temperature regulation Adjusting metabolism Detecting and responding to environmental stimuli Maintaining water and mineral balance

Any questions?