1 Agency Administration How are police departments organized?

2 Mission in a Democratic Society 1.Enforce and support the laws 2.Investigate crimes/apprehend offenders 3.Prevent crime 4.Ensure domestic peace and tranquility 5.Provide the community with enforcement–related services

3 Organizing the Department Managerial Concepts

How are police departments organized? 4 Managerial Concepts Division of Labor – similar functions assigned to same group Chain of Command – line of authority Span of Control - # of subordinates –Ideal is 1:6-10 Delegation of Responsibility & Authority Unity of Command – one supervisor per person Rules Regulations & Discipline

5 Organizing the Department Organizing by Function or Purpose

How are police departments organized? 6 Core Operational Strategies 1.Preventive patrol 2.Routine incident response – minor traffic, order, reports 3.Emergency response 4.Criminal investigation 5.Problem solving 6.Support services – dispatch, training, records, property control

How are police departments organized? 7 Department Organization Chief Chaplin Assistant Chief Training Community Relations Administration Records Support Services Supply Assistant Chief PolygraphPatrol Traffic Section A Day Watch Night Watch Section B Day Watch Night Watch SRO CID Analysis Juvenile Investigation Drug Unit

8 Organizing the Department Organizing by Personnel

How are police departments organized? 9 Organizing by Personnel Civil Service System – method of hiring and managing government employees –Designed to eliminate political influence, nepotism, bias –1883 Pendleton Act – federal jobs –95% of all gov’t employees covered –Difficult to fire employees

How are police departments organized? 10 Organizing by Personnel Quasi-Military organization –Strict lines of authority –Uniforms –Rank –Weapons –Authorized by law to use force –Different: warriors vs. community figures police limited by state & con law

How are police departments organized? 11 Organizing by Personnel Sworn vs. non-sworn (Civilian) –Sworn: peace officers Under oath to uphold laws and constitution Power to arrest under probable cause –Citizens arrest requires violation to happen in arrestors presence –Civilian: operators, dispatchers, payroll, technical jobs, lab workers

How are police departments organized? 12 Organizing by Personnel Rank Structure: –Peace Officer – patrol officer –Corporal – promotion, FTO –Sergeant – 1 st supervisor, makes field decisions Over squad (6-10 officers) One per zone or per shift (size a factor) –Lieutenant – over all operations at time of shift, usually over platoon

How are police departments organized? 13 Organizing by Personnel Rank Structure: –Detective – has own rank structure but usually has rank over others at crime scene –Captain – over area of administration –Assistant Chief – in some depts. –Chief – Head of dept. Usually appointed by mayor or selected by commissioners

How are police departments organized? 14 Rank Chief Assistant Chief Or Captain Lieutenant Sergeant Corporal Rookie Officer Assistant Chief Or Captain Assistant Chief Or Captain

How are police departments organized? 15 Organizing by Personnel Civilianization – process of of removing sworn officers from tasks and replacing them with civilians –Reduce costs –25% of staff –Most jobs seen as punishment by officers –Parking tickets, past crime reports, some investigative functions (CSI)

How are police departments organized? 16 Organizing by Personnel Police Reserves/Auxiliaries –Part time - “summertime cops” –Sometimes not paid –Non-regular but sworn officer –Regular police powers Some volunteers do not - retirees –A way to keep powers when no longer in regular position

17 Organizing the Department Organizing by Area

How are police departments organized? 18 Organizing by Area Beats/Posts – smallest –Foot, patrol units Sectors/Zones – group of beats Precincts – grouping of Zones –Mostly larger departments –Station House – one per precinct Has jail, locker room, offices Booking desk

19 Organizing the Department Organizing by Time

How are police departments organized? 20 Organizing by Time Three Tour System – three 8 hour shifts –Morning watch – 12-8am –Day watch – 8-4pm –Evening watch – 4-12am –Numerous variations – 12 hour shifts

How are police departments organized? 21 Organizing by Time Holidays are not assigned, it depends on the day assigned –Assigned, transfer available by seniority Rotating tours – day – evening – morning Fixed/Steady tours – stay same Traditionally – cops were assigned in even #s – today many are assigned by need

22 Organizing the Department Wrap Up

How are police departments organized? 23 Organizing the Department All are methods are used to organize department Every department is different

24 Post 9/11 Challenge & Change

How are police departments organized? 25 New Age of Policing Post 9/11 Traditionally terrorism and intelligence was a federal responsibility Terrorism response is now a local expectation –Why do you think local is better? Intelligence gathering is also a local priority –Terrorism is also FBI #1 priority

How are police departments organized? 26 New Age of Policing Post 9/11 Community Policing is also a part of the response – education, networks Task forces and “boundaryless” policing seeks to streamline intelligence

How are police departments organized? 27 Terrorist Goals Mass causalities Loss of critical resources Disruption of vital services Disruption of the economy Individual and mass panic

How are police departments organized? 28 Terrorist Weapons Biological Nuclear Incendiary Chemical Explosive

How are police departments organized? 29 Biological Weapons Targets: People, animals, crops Routes of exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, absorption Agents: May take days or weeks to be confirmed. May spread far beyond initial contamination point. Considered high risk.

How are police departments organized? 30 Nuclear Weapons Much different than conventional weapons: –Many casualties –Very large area affected –Long-term health effects Considered relatively low risk

How are police departments organized? 31 Radiation Dispersal Devices Conventional explosive with radioactive element Radiological materials readily available Considered moderate to high risk

How are police departments organized? 32 Incendiary Devices Used to initiate combustion Easy to make Easy to use Considered high risk/low impact

How are police departments organized? 33 Chemical Agents Components readily available Onset of symptoms from immediate to 18 hours Considered moderate risk

How are police departments organized? 34 Conventional Explosives Terrorists “weapons of choice” Can be: –Military munitions –Improvised explosive devices Considered high risk

How are police departments organized? 35 What Is the Risk?

How are police departments organized? 36 B-NICE Indicators Environmental indicators: Sick or dead animals, fish, or birds Unscheduled spraying Vapor clouds or mists Absence of crops, wildlife, or insects

How are police departments organized? 37 B-NICE Indicators Physical indicators: Many casualties without signs of obvious trauma Victims who are exhibiting similar symptoms Large numbers seeking medical attention

How are police departments organized? 38 Establishing Zones “Cold Zone” Safe Area “Warm Zone” Evacuation & Decontamination Area “Hot Zone” Incident Contaminated Area Wind Direction

39 Agency Administration How are police departments organized?

40 Dirty War Now What?

How are police departments organized? 41 Dirty War Assignment You are on the Mayors Crisis Team You have 30 minutes to come up with a plan to respond to the situation in the movie Write a summary of suggestions Anticipate where your major problems are going to be!