Unit 1 Chapter 1: New World Beginnings 33,000 BCE CE AP US Hamer September 7, 2011

Points to Cover (write these down!) Who were the Native Americans? Why did Europeans sail across the oceans? And why did they continue to explore the Americas? How were the Europeans able to dominate so much of the Americas so quickly? What were the differences between Spanish and French attitudes towards the Americas?

1. The Beginning Many scientists believe that ancient humans crossed the land bridge from Siberia to Alaska and then proceeded south to settle in the Americas

2. Native American Cultures Based on surroundings for food and shelter Some major civilizations: Anasazi, Cahokia (Mound Builders of Ohio), Cherokee, Incas, Aztec, Maya

2a. Pueblo

2b. Cahokia

2c. Three Sisters

2d. First Encounters The Spanish first encountered the Incas, Aztecs, and the remains of the Mayans

3. Why did Europeans Travel? Trade with the East, which was controlled by Italy so Spain and Portugal tried other ways to get there.

4. How could Europeans Travel? Mariner’s Astrolabe Renaissance = Printing Press = Information Caravel Mariner’s Compass

5. Columbus

6. Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 Spain Portugal

7. Cortes and the Aztecs

8. Pizarro and the Incas Incan Road System Atahualpa Pizarro

9. How were the Europeans Able to Dominate so Quickly? Horses Steel Guns Germs Document 3 – Indian population charts will help you see the rate of decline among the native populations

10a. Spanish Colonization Goal: Colonization –Sent men to establish outposts and cities –Intermarried with native population Goal Change: from military conquest to Catholicization (around 1598 with Onate’s journey to NM) –One example is missions in California Results: –Spanish imposed their laws, religion, and culture on the area + reduced resistance (mostly)

10b. French Involvement Goal: Find NW Passage –Verrazano and Cartier into Canada –#goalfail Goal: Colonize Canada –Quebec – poor relationship with Indians or issues with Spanish stopped this Goal: Fur Trade –Success! Based on fairness in trading –Allowed re-colonization of Quebec by Champlain and his alliance with local tribes

10c. Differences in Exploration and Colonization Spanish wanted to colonize French wanted trade - few colonies