Chapter 8 EARLY 1800’S

MAP 9.1 North America in 1800 In 1800, the new United States of America shared the North American continent with territories held by the European powers: British Canada, French Louisiana (secretly ceded that year to France by Spain), Spanish Florida, Spanish Mexico, and Russian Alaska, expanding southward along the Pacific coast. Few people could have imagined that by 1850, the United States would span the continent. But the American settlers who had crossed the Appalachians to the Ohio River Valley were already convinced that opportunity lay in the West.

1800  Rural  Agricultural  94% in small communities (2K or less)  International trade / shipping  Port cities

NEW GOVT.  First change of parties  Jefferson in office

JEFFERSONIAN VISION  Yeoman farmer  Rural communities  Republic  Slavery  Native Americans Intercourse Act Intercourse Act Expansion Expansion Indian resistance Indian resistance

MAP 9.5 Spread of Settlement: Westward Surge, 1800–1820 Within a period of twenty years, a quarter of the nation’s population had moved west of the Appalachian Mountains. The westward surge was a dynamic source of American optimism.

LOUISIANA PURCHASE  French  $15 million  Doubled land

WAR OF 1812  British presence  War hawks  Grievances Naval blockades Naval blockades Backing Natives Backing Natives

MISSOURI COMPROMISE  1820  Imaginary border  Missouri  Maine  Implications?

SOCIETY  Drinking Water, bad Water, bad

ALCOHOL  Good  Remedies  “Spirits” Distillation Distillation Rum, whiskey, etc. Rum, whiskey, etc. American drink American drink

ALCOHOL  “cocktail”  Drinking nation

BLACKS IN THE NORTH  Slavery abolished  Men: farm hands, labor  Women: servants, laundresses  Basic rights minimized  Black communities