Digital Cameras, Digital Video and Scanners Vince DiNoto

Contents Introduction Introduction How the Devices Work How the Devices Work Resolution Resolution Zooming Zooming Color Depth Color Depth Art of Photography Art of Photography Physics of Photography Physics of Photography Create Video and Stills Create Video and Stills Workshop Discussion of Video and Stills Workshop Discussion of Video and Stills Software Software

Introduction Taught Classic Photography Taught Classic Photography Black and White Developing Black and White Developing Physics of the Camera Physics of the Camera Optics Optics Photographer of Water Powered Grist Mills Photographer of Water Powered Grist Mills Three awards in International Mill Photo contests Three awards in International Mill Photo contests One cover picture published One cover picture published

A few pictures

A few more pictures

How the Devices Work Analog/Digital Analog/Digital Scanners Scanners Digital Video Digital Video Digital Cameras Digital Cameras CCD Chips CCD Chips

Analog/Digital Analog information is encoded on media as intensity of magnetic particles. Analog information is encoded on media as intensity of magnetic particles. Digital information is encoded as 1’s and 0’s. Digital information is encoded as 1’s and 0’s.

Scanners A Flat Bed Scanner A Flat Bed Scanner A moving light source A moving light source A CCD bar A CCD bar Optical Resolution vs Digital Enhancement Optical Resolution vs Digital Enhancement

Digital Video 30 frames per second 30 frames per second Light is on the CCD for only 1/60 th of a second Light is on the CCD for only 1/60 th of a second Digital Media Digital Media Mini-DV Mini-DV Digital 8 Digital 8 Mini-DVD Mini-DVD Direct Output Direct Output Firewire Firewire USB USB

Digital Cameras Digital media Digital media Mini CDR Mini CDR Mini CDRW Mini CDRW 3.5 in floppy 3.5 in floppy Flash Memory Flash Memory Compact Flash Compact Flash Memory Stick Memory Stick SD SD ZD ZD Fuji memory Fuji memory

Digital Cameras - 2 Direct Connection Direct Connection To a printer To a printer USB USB Firewire Firewire

CCD A Charge Couple Device is a solid state chip that is sensitive to light. It produces only black and white. Therefore, filters are required to get color images. A Charge Couple Device is a solid state chip that is sensitive to light. It produces only black and white. Therefore, filters are required to get color images. When a photon strikes the CCD it produces a current, the more photons the more current When a photon strikes the CCD it produces a current, the more photons the more current The chip is composed millions of picture elements in cameras and thousands in scanners The chip is composed millions of picture elements in cameras and thousands in scanners The more pixels the greater the resolution and the sharper the picture The more pixels the greater the resolution and the sharper the picture

CCD - 2

Resolution How many pixels is there. How many pixels is there. The more pixels the larger the image can be enlarged without creating a blurring. The more pixels the larger the image can be enlarged without creating a blurring. The more pixels the more expense The more pixels the more expense Optical Resolution vs Digital Resolution Optical Resolution vs Digital Resolution Digital Resolution is the computer trying to create pixels that weren’t seen by the CCD, the quality is not nearly has good as that created directly. Digital Resolution is the computer trying to create pixels that weren’t seen by the CCD, the quality is not nearly has good as that created directly. Not important in digital video cameras in general Not important in digital video cameras in general

Resolution - 2 Example if the resolution is 640 x 480, that means there are 640 pixels in the width and 480 pixels in the height. A very small amount of memory is required for the images. If the image is going to be printed it will need to be printed very small, but this resolution is fine for the web. Why? My printer prints 720 dpi (dots per inch) therefore without zooming my picture would be less than one inch wide. If in my software I double the size of the image then each pixel is reproduce 3 additional time. Example if the resolution is 640 x 480, that means there are 640 pixels in the width and 480 pixels in the height. A very small amount of memory is required for the images. If the image is going to be printed it will need to be printed very small, but this resolution is fine for the web. Why? My printer prints 720 dpi (dots per inch) therefore without zooming my picture would be less than one inch wide. If in my software I double the size of the image then each pixel is reproduce 3 additional time.

Resolution - 3 If the image is to be used on the web. Monitor resolution in general is 96 dpi. Therefore, my picture would appear to be about nine inches wide and be of good quality via of the monitor. If the image is to be used on the web. Monitor resolution in general is 96 dpi. Therefore, my picture would appear to be about nine inches wide and be of good quality via of the monitor.

Zooming Cameras will state digital zooming and optical zooming. Cameras will state digital zooming and optical zooming. The more expensive the greater amount of optical zooming. The more expensive the greater amount of optical zooming. This is similar to what we discussed in the resolution topic. This is similar to what we discussed in the resolution topic. Optical zooming is using the entire CCD, Digital zooming is a creation of pixels Optical zooming is using the entire CCD, Digital zooming is a creation of pixels

Zooming - 2 The smaller lighter weight cameras normally use digital zoom and little to no optical zoom. The smaller lighter weight cameras normally use digital zoom and little to no optical zoom. Larger more expensive cameras have some optical zoom. Larger more expensive cameras have some optical zoom. Professional cameras are only optical zoom. Professional cameras are only optical zoom.

Color Depth What is 24 bit color? 30? 36? 42? What is 24 bit color? 30? 36? 42? All light received by CCD is either red, green or blue All light received by CCD is either red, green or blue Therefore 24 bit color is divided into three 8 bit channels. Which is representative of 2 8 =256 therefore each channel can have that many different intensity levels or a total unique colors of 256x256x256=1.68 million colors (more than the eye can detect) Therefore 24 bit color is divided into three 8 bit channels. Which is representative of 2 8 =256 therefore each channel can have that many different intensity levels or a total unique colors of 256x256x256=1.68 million colors (more than the eye can detect)

Art of Photography Need to observe more than just the subject. Need to observe more than just the subject. What do you want in the background? What do you want in the background? What do you want in the foreground? What do you want in the foreground? What is the sky like? What is the sky like? Where is the sun? Where is the sun? Do I need a flash? Do I need a flash?

Art of Photography - 2 How fast do I need to shoot? How fast do I need to shoot? What does the aperture do? What does the aperture do? Are there other people in the picture? Are there other people in the picture? Where am I going to publish the picture (web, computer, printer)? Where am I going to publish the picture (web, computer, printer)? What other sounds are around? What other sounds are around? Do I need to take an audio track and not even worry about the video? Do I need to take an audio track and not even worry about the video?

Physics of Photography Depth of Field Depth of Field What is a polarizer? What is a polarizer? Why is the sky blue? Why is the sky blue? Why are sunsets red? Why are sunsets red? How do I get reflections and blue sky? How do I get reflections and blue sky?

Software Photoshop Photoshop MovieMaker II MovieMaker II Premier Premier