Friday 10/4: Athens and Sparta Objective: Explain how power in attained, gained and lost by individuals, groups and nations. Objective: Explain how power in attained, gained and lost by individuals, groups and nations. Discussion Question: Which of the following human characteristics is more important: Brain Power or Physical Power? Why? Discussion Question: Which of the following human characteristics is more important: Brain Power or Physical Power? Why?

Quick Comparison… Sparta: WarriorsAuthoritarian No education Great Army Athens: PoliticiansDemocraticScholars Great Navy

Sparta: Where is it? Sparta: Where is it? The Polis (Greek word for city-state) located in the Peloponnesus The Polis (Greek word for city-state) located in the Peloponnesus –Southern tip of Greek mainland –Separated from the rest of Greece by the Gulf of Corinth

Spartan Society Three tiers of society: Three tiers of society: –Equals: Leaders of the city-state –Half-Citizens: Free, paid taxes, served in army, but held no political power –Helots: Conquered peasants forced to live and work on farm land (slaves)  Spartans terrorized the helots, helots hated Spartans

Spartan Government Consisted of: Consisted of: – 2 kings  One king in charge of army  One king in charge of matters at home –Council of Elders  28 male citizens over age 60 –Citizen Assembly  approved all major decisions

Spartan Culture Goal: make every male citizen a part of the military machine Goal: make every male citizen a part of the military machine –babies were examined for health  if they weren’t healthy they were left in the hills to die

Spartan Culture (continued) Boys: at the age of 7 were sent away for military training Boys: at the age of 7 were sent away for military training – constant exercise & discipline  whippings for punishment –soldiers could marry at the age of 20, & had to live in the barracks until the age of 30)

Spartan Culture (continued) Girls: life was also rigorous; expected to produce healthy sons for the army Girls: life was also rigorous; expected to produce healthy sons for the army –expected to exercise (run, wrestle/sports) in order to strengthen their bodies –also had all rights except the right to vote & inherit property –had to obey fathers and husbands; usually managed the household - until the husband retired –were resented by all other Greeks because of the role that the women played

Athens Athens Location: in a region called Attica, North of the Peloponnesus Location: in a region called Attica, North of the Peloponnesus

Athenian Society Also three tiers: Also three tiers: –Citizens  Could be rich aristocratic or poor farmer  Only Athenian-born men could vote –Metics  Born outside Athens  Free and paid taxes just as citizens  Could not participate in government –Slaves  Treated as property thus no right to vote

Athenian Government: Democracy Leaders chosen by casting lots Leaders chosen by casting lots –everyone had an equal chance Direct Democracy Direct Democracy –All citizens participate directly in making decisions Indirect/Representative Democracy Indirect/Representative Democracy –Citizens elect representatives to govern for them

Athenian Government: Democracy Pericles: Athenian politician Pericles: Athenian politician –3 Goals for Athens:  Strengthen Athenian Democracy: Direct Democracy  Hold and strengthen the Empire: Build larger Athenian navy and increase overseas trade  Glorify Athens: Build Parthenon and beautify Athens

Athenian Culture: Heavily based on ideas of democracy and education as important rather than military Heavily based on ideas of democracy and education as important rather than military Focus on the arts and philosophy (thinking about the world around us) Focus on the arts and philosophy (thinking about the world around us)

Two Forms of Government Spartan and Athenian governments form the basis of two kinds of government today. Spartan and Athenian governments form the basis of two kinds of government today. Authoritarian (Authority) and Democracy Authoritarian (Authority) and Democracy

Totalitarianism Authoritarian is imposing a form of government in which the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control over all aspects of life, the individual is subordinated to the state, and opposing political and cultural expression is suppressed. Authoritarian is imposing a form of government in which the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control over all aspects of life, the individual is subordinated to the state, and opposing political and cultural expression is suppressed.

Within Sparta there existed three groups: slaves, known as Helots; Spartan females, who were taught to be fit, brave, and patriotic; and Spartan males, all of whom became warriors. Within Sparta there existed three groups: slaves, known as Helots; Spartan females, who were taught to be fit, brave, and patriotic; and Spartan males, all of whom became warriors. This form of culture had its roots in the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta. This form of culture had its roots in the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta. Newborn males judged to be weak were left to die of exposure. Newborn males judged to be weak were left to die of exposure.

Democracy The democratic political system used as its model Athenian democracy. The democratic political system used as its model Athenian democracy. In the ancient Greek city-state of Athens all citizens participated in Athenian governmental activities. In the ancient Greek city-state of Athens all citizens participated in Athenian governmental activities. All citizens were equal before the law and participated in the government. All citizens were equal before the law and participated in the government. Slaves and women, however, were not allowed citizenship. Slaves and women, however, were not allowed citizenship.