CAHS 2000 Global Consumer Culture

Globalization “Globalization is the inexorable integration of markets, nation-states and technologies to a degree never witnessed before—in a way that is enabling individuals, corporations and nation-states to reach around the world farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever before, and in a way that is enabling the world to reach into individuals, corporations and nation- states farther, faster, deeper, cheaper than ever before.” -Thomas Friedman

Globalization Industrial Revolution World WarsCold War General Timeline Globalization

Industrial Revolution British Textile Industry Key Inventions America’s Role Manufacturing Retailing Transportation In the beginning...

British Textiles (1700s) Global Explorations Growing Competition (India & China) Expanding Markets (England, Europe, American Colonies, Africa) Many small cottage industries (fiber producers, spinners, weavers, lace-makers, knitters, embellishment craftspeople, tailors, milliners, merchants, etc) Population Growth Consumer Base (social class/social mobility) Growth of Urban Centers Cotton Production (proto-industry & “putting out”) Merchant ownership Labor

Key Inventions Flying shuttle (1733) Spinning jenny (1764) Water-powered spinning frame (1769) Power loom (1785)

America’s Role (1800s) Supplier of cotton to England Development of U.S. Manufacturing (Rhode Island System & Massachusetts System) Consumer Base (social class/social mobility/immigrant population) Growth of Urban Centers (I.e. NYC, Philadelphia, Boston) Railroads (Urban to Rural, North to South, East to West) Labor Revolutionary War ( ) Civil War ( ) Rebuilding the South Labor Fashion (Ready to Wear, “Gibson Girls,” Ditto suits, etc)

Retailing Decentralized Commerce Custom goods Home-made goods Cottage Industries Barter System Defined Social Class Slow Fashion Cycles Centralized Commerce Mass-produced goods Technology Large Industries Social Mobility Fast Fashion Cycles

Increased SUPPLY of mass consumer goods Increased DEMAND of mass consumer goods (Consumer Revolution) Fuel for changes in production Democratization of goods (i.e. uniformity in products & appearances) Spread to other countries & industries

Cold War Era Economics Socialism (Karl Marx) Equality of wealth distribution Socio-economic equality State controlled means of production Centrally planned economies (USSR) Capitalism (Ludwig von Mises & John Maynard Keynes) Socio-economic strata (lower, middle, upper classes) Rights of individuals and corporations Privately controlled means of production Supply & demand factors determined by market economy (“free market”)

Cold War Systems Part One in Lexus & the Olive Tree (p ) Characterized by division “US vs. THEM” mentality Nuclear Arms Race McCarthyism Vietnam & Korean Wars August 13, 1961

End of Cold War November 9, 1989

So Now What?

Marks of Globalization Defining Measurement Speed & Innovation Dominant Culture Homogenizing of culture (regional vs. global) Defining Technologies Computerization Miniaturization Digitization Satellite Communications Fiber Optics THE INTERNET

Marks of Globalization Creative Destruction “...the perpetual cycle of destroying the old and less efficient product or service and replacing it with the new, more efficient ones” -Thomas Friedman

Marks of Globalization Balances Between nation-states Between nation-states & global markets Between individuals & nation-states

Marks of Globalization Multi-dimensional Politics Culture National Security Finance Technology Environment

Globalization “Globalization is the inexorable integration of markets, nation-states and technologies to a degree never witnessed before—in a way that is enabling individuals, corporations and nation-states to reach around the world farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever before, and in a way that is enabling the world to reach into individuals, corporations and nation- states farther, faster, deeper, cheaper than ever before.” -Thomas Friedman