WINNING INDEPENDENCE Chapter 9 Lesson 3 Pages 356 - 361

Objectives Identify the major battles and campaigns of the Revolutionary War. Describe how individuals and other nations contributed to the war’s outcome.

Vocabulary Civilian – people not in the military Traitor – someone who acts against his or her country.

Revolutionary Heroes Nathan Hale John Paul Jones Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley Tadeusz Kosciuszko

Nathan Hale Teacher Was an American spy in NYC He was hung by the British “I regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”

John Paul Jones American Navy Commander Continental Navy = 60 ships British = 270 ships About to lose a battle at sea, British told him to give up “I have not yet begun to fight”

Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley “Molly Pitcher” Carried fresh water to American troops during the Battle of Monmouth in NJ in 1778 Her husband was wounded and she took his place in battle, loading the cannons

Tadeusz Kosciuszko Left Poland to serve in the Continental Army Helped design plans for a fort at WEST POINT, NY This is now part of the United States Military Academy

The War Moves When British learned of the French help, they moved the battle south Many Loyalist in the South, the British hoped this would help British also planned on capturing Southern ports, to get supplies in and out easier Inland, the British lost many battles Battle of Vincennes (Indiana) – was lost by the British

Savannah, Georgia 1st target by British in South Nov. 25, 1778 British attacked quickly while Americans were trying to defend British Victory

Charles Town, South Carolina 1780 Americans greatly outnumbered Now called Charleston British victory

Virginia Early 1781 Benedict Arnold – led British attacks on Virginia towns He had become a traitor He felt that he had not been treated fairly by the Continental Army

Americans Fight Back

Nathanael Green General in the Continental Army Leader in the South “We fight, get beat, rise, and fight again”

Daniel Morgan General under Greene’s leadership Led Americans to a major victory at Cowpens, SC (1781) This battle proved Americans could beat the British in the South.

North Carolina British push north to N.C. March 1781 – battle at Guilford Courthouse British held the field, but took major losses Still could not win, because there was no one city that was the heart of America

The War Ends

British General Charles Cornwallis Headquarters at Yorktown, Virginia On the Chesapeake Bay Easy for British to get in supplies But, it could easily be circled

Victory at Yorktown French & American soldiers marched south to encircle Yorktown. French Navy also took control of the Chesapeake Bay Cornwallis was trapped Cornwallis gave up on October 19, 1781

The Treaty of Paris The Battle of Yorktown was the LAST major battle of the war. Some battles continued to be fought though. April 1782 – the two sides met in Paris, France to negotiate a peace treaty.

Treaty of Paris Cont. John Jay, Benjamin Franklin, & John Adams – American negotiators Wanted Britain to accept American independence All British soldiers removed from American lands

One Year Later The British FINALLY agree September 3, 1783, The Treaty of Paris signed ending the Revolutionary War

The Terms Named the United States of America as a new nation Set the new nation’s borders It reached from Georgia in the south to the Great Lakes in the north. The Mississippi River formed its western border

After the War After the British left, George Washington made his home in Virginia On his way, he stopped at Annapolis, Maryland to retire He told the Congress his work was done They thanked him for his service and wished him well

THE END