muscles that move the mandible abdominal wall muscles Today and Wednesday – muscles! how muscles work – in general muscles that move the mandible abdominal wall muscles anterior and posterior inferior and superior inguinal hernia’s muscles that move the humerus and scapula rotator cuff tears, impingement syndrome muscles that move the femur sprains, strains and “Charley horse” muscles that move the foot shin splints, anterior compartment syndrome Achilles tendon injuries

skeletal cardiac smooth

Connective tissue wrappings of skeletal muscle Tendon Deep fascia 1 muscle fiber = 1 muscle cell Muscle cells are multinucleated Epimysium Epi = upon, above Perimysium Peri = around Endomysium Endo = within Working out Atrophy & aging Steroids Myo, mys = muscle

Muscle attachments Origins Origins Bellies Insertion Direct vs Indirect attachment Insertion Ligaments: bone to bone Tendons: muscle to bone

Muscle to muscle via tendon sheet Muscle to skin Aponeurosis

Neuromuscular junction Synaptic vesicles containing Ach (acetylcholine) Neurotoxins botulism curare tetanus toxin Motor end plate Calcium + ATP = muscle contraction Low blood Ca and muscle

Attachments: Proximal Distal Direct Indirect Muscle actions: agonist antagonist synergist fixator Biceps brachii Brachialis Triceps brachii

Extending your knee Extend your knee a few times Where are the agonist muscles that extend your knee? Which joint do they cross? When you extend you knee, where are the antagonist muscles located?

Quadriceps = agonists Hamstrings = antagonists

Medial & lateral excursion Protraction & retraction Moving the mandible Mandibular fossa Depress & elevate Medial & lateral excursion Protraction & retraction

Muscles that move the mandible Temporalis Masseter attachments actions

Lateral pterygoid Medial pterygoid attachments actions

Depress mandible gravity digastric muscle geniohyoid & mylohyoid when hyoid is fixed

Temporalis massater Medial pterygoid Lateral pterygoid Mylohyoid Digastric

Those flashy “core” muscles Overdeveloped Pectoralis major External oblique Rectus abdominus

Muscles that move (and protect) the abdomen/trunk Internal oblique Transversus abdominis Rectus abdominis Attachments Actions External oblique

Linea alba B A C D Rectus sheath (aponeurosis)

Abdominal wall abdominal muscles back muscles quadratus lumborum Psoas (iliopsoas) diaphragm pelvic diaphragm “holes” in the wall hernia (hiatal) congenital or acquired

Inguinal canal – men & women Parietal peritoneum intestines scrotum Inguinal hernia Spermatic cord

1. Name the 4 layers of connective tissue that wrap around skeletal muscles. 2. Which ones are continuous with a tendon? 3. Botox (botulinum toxin) works by blocking the release of ACh at the neuromuscular junction. How does this help with: crossed eyes uncontrolled blinking those pesky forehead wrinkles

Muscle that move the humerus and scapula Location of shoulder muscles Which joints do these muscles cross?

3. What movements do these muscle perform?

flex, medially rotate (anterior fibers) Deltoid attachments actions (on humerus) abduct (lateral fibers) flex, medially rotate (anterior fibers) extend, laterally rotate (posterior fibers)

attachments actions adduction medial rotation elevate ribs flexion (agonist) adduction medial rotation elevate ribs

4 Rotator cuff muscles Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor adduct abduct Infraspinatus Extend Laterally rotate Teres minor adduct laterally rotate Subscapularis medially rotate

Scapula movers & stabilizers Levator scapulae elevate scapula flex neck Trapezius elevate, rotate upward (S) retract (M) depress (I) extend neck flex laterally (one trap) Rhomboids retract elevate fix scapula rotate downward

Trapezius Rhomboids Deltoid Teres major Triceps Latissimus dorsi Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Subscapularis Levator scapulae

Impingement syndrome Rotator cuff tears

Muscles that move the femur 1. Location of hip and thigh muscles 2. Which joints do these muscles cross?

3. What kind of movements do these muscle perform?

Iliopsoas Adductors flex hip adduct femur flex hip flex knee Lateral rotators piriformis obturator externus Adductors adduct femur flex hip flex knee (lateral rotation) Groin pull

patella tracking Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL) flex abduct med. rot Rectus Femoris flex hip extend knee Vastus lateralis vastus intermedius Vastus medialis extend knee Patellar tendon Charley horse patella tracking

Tensor Fasciae Latae G. Maximus flex femur Iliotibial Band (IT band) abducts femur medially rotates femur stabilizes knee G. Maximus Iliotibial Band (IT band)

G. Medius piriformis G. Maximus G. minimus Gluts: extend, abduct, laterally rotates femur Piriformis: abduct, laterally rotates femur

Hamstring group: flex knee, extend hip Muscle strains from quick extensions

Muscle compartments of the thigh Anterior anterior medial posterior Posterior Compartments: each wrapped with deep fasciae each has own nerve & blood supply compartment syndrome

Iliopsoas TFL Sartorius Adductors quads Glut max & medius hamstrings Intramuscular injections Iliopsoas TFL Sartorius Adductors quads Glut max & medius hamstrings Piriformis Sciatic nerve

Attachments of the gastrocnemius Attachments of the soleus Actions of the gastrocnemius Flex the knee Plantarflex the foot Actions of the soleus gastrocnemius Achilles tendon Ruptured Achilles tendon Pulled calf muscle calcaneus

Tibialis Anterior Attachments Actions Dorsiflex ankle Invert foot Support arch Tibialis anterior Shin splints Compartment syndrome

Agonist of elbow extension? 2. A strained biceps brachii would result in pain when ____. 3. When viscera protrude through a weak point in the diaphragm, what is that condition called (be specific). 4. In a male, what passes through the inguinal canal? 5. Name one muscle that moves the mandible laterally.