Building Information Systems & Managing Projects

Problem Solving and Systems Development Change Management

Problem Solving and Systems Development Steps in developing, designing, & building an IS Traditional approach Modern approaches End-User development RAD Prototyping Agile Purchase Outsource Data flow diagrams OO Development IT Project Management

Problem Solving and Systems Development Four steps to building an information system 1.Define and understand the problem 2.Develop alternative solutions 3.Evaluate and choose a solution 4.Implement the solution

Problem Solving and Systems Development Developing an Information System Solution

Traditional Systems Development Lifecycle Systems-Building Approaches Oldest method for building information systems Phased approach with formal stages Waterfall approach Formal division of labor Used for building large, complex systems Time consuming and expensive to use

The systems development lifecycle partitions systems development into formal stages, with each stage requiring completion before the next stage can begin. The Traditional Systems Development Lifecycle

3GLs Systems-Building Approaches

The process of developing a prototype consists of four steps. Because a prototype can be developed quickly and inexpensively, systems builders can go through several iterations, repeating steps 3 and 4, to refine and enhance the prototype before arriving at the final operational one. The Prototyping Process Systems-Building Approaches

End-User Development Systems-Building Approaches End users create simple information systems with little or no assistance from technical specialists Use fourth-generation languages, graphics languages, and PC software tools to access data, create reports, and develop information systems Completed more rapidly than systems developed with conventional tools Organizational risks

4GLs Systems-Building Approaches

Purchasing Solutions: Application Software Packages and Outsourcing Request for Proposal (RFP) Application software packages Generalized systems for universal functions with standard processes Customization Outsourcing Application service providers (ASPs) Offshore outsourcing Systems-Building Approaches

Rapid Application Development for E-Business Agility and scalability Rapid application development (RAD) Creating workable systems in a very short period of time Joint application design (JAD) End users and information systems specialists working together on design Systems-Building Approaches

The system has three processes: Verify availability (1.0), Enroll student (2.0), and Confirm registration (3.0). The name and content of each of the data flows appear adjacent to each arrow. There is one external entity in this system: the student. There are two data stores: the student master file and the course file. Data Flow Diagram for Mail-in University Registration System

Object-Oriented Development Systems-Building Approaches Class and Inheritance Eiffel Smalltalk Ruby Java C# C++ Python Visual Basic Perl

Project Planned series of related activities for achieving a specific business objective(s) Project Management Application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to achieve targets within specified budget and time constraints Project Management

Projects  What are the Key Metrics? Time Budget Results / Performance Objectives

Projects  What are the Key Success Factors?     

Projects  What are the tools?

Important Decisions  Deciding which projects to implement  Selecting a project manager  Selecting a project team  Planning and designing the project  Managing and controlling project resources  Deciding if and when a project should be terminated

Project Management Software  Imposes a methodology  Provides logical planning structure  Enhances team communication  Flag constraint violations  Automatic report formats  Multiple levels of reports  Enables what-if scenarios  Generates various chart types

ComputerWeekly, July 2009 Project Management Software There are literally dozens of good project management software applications out there, with Microsoft Project being one of the most popular mid-range project management packages, and the likes of Primavera being popular at the higher end. Free and open source project tools are also available to download or use via a web browser. What does project management software do? At the most basic level, project management products will help your organization to manage projects from start to finish, and allow employees at different levels to have an input into the process. Project management software has been around for a number of years now and as a result, it does far more than just manage the projects themselves. Project applications can also carry out scheduling, cost control and budget management, resource allocation, collaboration, communication, quality management and documentation or administration. The aim with these is to handle all aspects and complexities of larger projects and help keep costs down.

Lean Project Management Identify and eliminate waste Deliver more value Amplify learning Make decision at the right time Fast delivery Empower the team, respect, integrity Build integrity in See the whole Teams and networks of commitments

A System Portfolio Project Management