Cells

What are cells? Cells are the basic structure of all living things.

Cells are made of molecules like everything else in the world; however, an object can have molecules but no cells. The combination of specific molecules makes cells. Therefore, cells are the basic unit in all living things.

The organization of the body Cells▼Tissue▼Organs▼ Organ Systems ▼Organism

The facts about cells… Cells are microscopic Cells are microscopic Cells were discovered by Robert Hooke while looking at cork under the microscope Cells were discovered by Robert Hooke while looking at cork under the microscope Organisms can have one cell (unicellular) or more than one cell (multi-cellular) Organisms can have one cell (unicellular) or more than one cell (multi-cellular)

The facts about cells… The cell theory-cells are the basic unit of structure in all living things; all living things are made of one or more cells; cells come from other living cells The cell theory-cells are the basic unit of structure in all living things; all living things are made of one or more cells; cells come from other living cells Organelles are parts of a cell Organelles are parts of a cell

The facts about cells… All cells have the same basic structure, with some exceptions, but multi-cellular organisms can perform more functions because their cells are specialized (brain cells, heart cells, stomach cells, etc.) All cells have the same basic structure, with some exceptions, but multi-cellular organisms can perform more functions because their cells are specialized (brain cells, heart cells, stomach cells, etc.)

The facts about cells… Cells maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment (homeostasis) Cells maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment (homeostasis) Cells must maintain this stable environment to carry out important functions Cells must maintain this stable environment to carry out important functions

Two types of cells Cells with a nucleus-plant and animal cells Cells with a nucleus-plant and animal cells Cells without a nucleus- bacteria Cells without a nucleus- bacteria

Cell Organelles Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Nucleus Nucleus Chromosomes Chromosomes Chloroplast Chloroplast Vacuole Vacuole Mitochondrion Mitochondrion Cell Wall Cell Wall Cell Membrane Cell Membrane Lysosome Lysosome Nucleolus Nucleolus Nuclear membrane Nuclear membrane Endoplasmic reticulum (rough/smooth) Endoplasmic reticulum (rough/smooth) Ribosomes Ribosomes Golgi complex Golgi complex

The following slides give the function of each cell organelle

Cytoplasm Fluid that surrounds the cell’s organelles

Nucleus The control center of the cell

Chromosomes Structures inside the nucleus that contain DNA that controls the cell’s activities

Chloroplast Makes food for plant cells using energy from sunlight

Vacuole Stores water and other materials

Mitochondrion Breaks down food molecules to make energy (ATP)

Cell Wall Provides strength and support to the cell membrane in plant cells

Cell Membrane Provides a barrier and allows materials in and out of the cell (semi-permeable)

Lysosome Digest food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders

Nucleolus Stores the materials that will be used later to make ribosomes

Nuclear Membrane Allows materials in and out of the nucleus

Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough/Smooth) Packages and transports proteins throughout the cell

Ribosomes Make proteins

Golgi Complex Processes and transports materials out of the cell