CELL ENERGY FermentationVs.Respiration

“How Does a Cell Make Energy?” Glucose is the source of energy for cells. This simple sugar is broken down into an “energy-rich” molecule known as ATP. Glucose is the source of energy for cells. This simple sugar is broken down into an “energy-rich” molecule known as ATP. The more glucose a cell can obtain  the more ATP produced  the more energy the cell will have. The more glucose a cell can obtain  the more ATP produced  the more energy the cell will have. A cell can produce ATP from glucose either with oxygen (respiration) or without oxygen (fermentation). A cell can produce ATP from glucose either with oxygen (respiration) or without oxygen (fermentation).

CELL ENERGY KEY Glucose ATP CO2 O2 Organic Molecule H2O a simple sugar which provides energy for the cell an “energy-rich” molecule created from glucose a product created by the reaction of glucose within the cytoplasm Carbon Dioxide; a waste product created during fermentation and respiration Oxygen; the organic molecule combines with oxygen to produce more ATP in the cell’s mitochondrion Water; a waste product created during respiration.

Fermentation 1. Glucose enters the cell through the cell membrane and reacts with the cytoplasm creating 2 ATP. 2. Two waste products are released in the process: an organic molecule and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). 3. The waste products exit the cell.

Fermentation (Anaerobic Respiration) Cytoplasm Glucose 2 ATP Organic Molecule CO2

The Process of Respiration 1. Glucose enters the cell through the cell membrane, reacts with the cytoplasm, and breaks down creating 2 ATP. 2. One waste product is created in this process: carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) which exits the cell. 3. An organic molecule is also created in this reaction which is able to bond with oxygen (O 2 ). 4. A new molecule is thus created (oxygen + organic molecule) and is transported to the mitochondrion. 5. Once in the mitochondrion, the oxygen + organic molecule is broken down to release 34 ATP molecules. 6. This reaction also produces two waste products, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water (H 2 O) which exit the cell. 6. This reaction also produces two waste products, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water (H 2 O) which exit the cell.

Glucose Aerobic Respiration Cytoplasm Mitochondrion 2 ATP CO2 Organic Molecule 34 ATP CO2 O2 H2O O2 + Organic Molecule

Fermentation vs. Respiration the Facts! FermentationRespiration Primitive method; only 2 ATP per glucose molecule Advanced method; 36 ATP per glucose molecule NO oxygen Requires oxygen Wastes: CO 2 and an organic molecule Wastes: CO 2 and H 2 O Simple organisms; bacteria and fungi Complex organisms; animal and plant cells