Chemistry Objective: Discuss chemical elements, compounds, reactions, formulas and equations

Chemistry Vocab Take 15 minutes to look up the definition for the following terms! 1.Chemical 2.Chemistry 3.Matter 4.Mass 5.Volume 6.Energy

Chemistry Vocab 1.Chemical: a substance produced by or used in a chemical process 2.Chemistry: the study of the composition of matter and the energy created by the interaction of matter 3.Matter: anything that has mass & volume 4.Mass: quantity of matter in an object often determined by weighing with a scale 5.Volume: something occupies space 6.Energy: ability to do work or cause change

Types of Energy 1.Potential- energy of matter because of its position or compositions; It is stored in the matter. 2.Kinetic- energy of an object in motion.

States of Matter 1.Solid- has definite shape & volume 2.Liquid- has definite volume and takes the shape of its container 3.Gaseous- has neither a definite shape or volume; can expand & contract & move around

States of Matter

Why States of Matter Change Matter may change from one state to another Usually relates to temperature & pressure The properties do not change

Properties of Matter Property- a characteristic or feature that makes it possible to distinguish between kinds of matter Physical Property- a characteristic that can be observed without altering the matter Mass, color, shape, length Chemical Property- a characteristic that describes the changes matter goes through when its identity is altered to create substances in different forms Burning wood

Classification of Matter Pure substances- matter that has uniform and consistent composition and properties from one sample to another Ex) salt & sugar Mixtures- combination of 2+ different kinds of matter, and it is not definite in proportions of its contents Solution- a homogenous (uniform) mix. Can be solid or gas. Suspension- when particles are dispersed (mixed) in a fluid medium. Ex) Water in a stream.

Chemistry 101 Elements form compounds Pure substances are either elements or compounds Elements do not decompose An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances Examples: Gold, silver, iron

Chemical Elements: The Ingredients of Matter Element: a substance consisting entirely of atoms of the same atomic number Everything on earth is made of chemical elements 114 chemical elements have been identified 92 are natural elements found on Earth The rest are made in a lab

Chemical Elements All elements have a name All elements have a symbol Most are either 1 or 2 letters Some officially unnamed have 3 letters Letters are often letters from English spelling of the word Examples: AL for Aluminum C for Carbon N for Nitrogen O for Oxygen Some are from Latin Examples: Ag for Silver; old name was argentum K for Potassium Fe for Iron

Chemical Elements Elements are grouped in the Periodic Table Periodic Table is an arrangement of chemical elements in the order of increasing atomic numbers It is in rows and columns Take a look at the Periodic Table, how is it organized?

Types of Elements Metals-an element with metallic luster Can be shaped Are electrical conductors Ex) Iron, Aluminum, & Copper Nonmetals- an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity Ex) Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, & Sulfur 11 elements classified as nonmetallic Metalloids- elements between metals and nonmetals both in the periodic table and in properties Ex) Arsenic 6 elements classified as metalloids Noble Gases- do not normally react with other elements Ex) Neon & helium 6 elements are classified as noble gases

Atoms Atom: smallest part of an element that can take part in a reaction Atomic structure: the arrangement of the parts of atoms Atomic number: the number of protons in the nucleus Atomic mass: the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Chemical Reactions What occurs when a substance becomes another substance with different characteristics Types of Reactions: Composition- when 2+ substances react to form a more complex product Decomposition- when chemical compounds break down Single Replacement- when 1 element replaces another in a compound Double Replacement- when 2 compounds exchange elements

Chemical Reactions Compounds- form when 2+ elements unite to form a substance with qualities different from the elements alone Chemical bonding- 2+ elements joining together to form a compound Molecule- the smallest amount of a substance that can exist independently and keep the properties of the substance Ex) Water= 2 hydrogen atoms & 1 oxygen atom

Chemical Reactions Learn a little more from Bill Nye! nye-chemical-reactions_tech#.URez2lrjk3I Write down 15 interesting facts as you learn from Bill Nye the science guy!

Formulas & Equations Chemical formula- the combination of chemical symbols and numbers that depict a compound A chemical equation shows the element symbols and formulas, the reactants, and the products of a chemical reaction. Ex) The equation of photosynthesis