Unit III Review FR Questions 1. A company with a large sales staff announces openings for three positions as regional managers. Twenty-two of the current salespersons apply, 12 men and 10 women. After the interviews, when the company announces the newly appointed managers, all three positions go to women. The men complain of job discrimination. Do they have a case? Simulate a random selection of three people from the applicant pool and make a decision about the likelihood that a fair process would result in hiring all women.

Unit III Review FR Questions 1. A company with a large sales staff announces openings for three positions as regional managers. Twenty-two of the current salespersons apply, 12 men and 10 women. After the interviews, when the company announces the newly appointed managers, all three positions go to women. The men complain of job discrimination. Do they have a case? Simulate a random selection of three people from the applicant pool and make a decision about the likelihood that a fair process would result in hiring all women. A component is hiring one person with the outcomes of: a woman is hired 01 – 10 purple a man is hired 11 – 22 Underlined Ignore 23 – 99 and 00 ------- A trial consists of hiring three people and checking all three are women Y Ignore duplicates not all three are women N N N N N 11164 36318| 75061 37674 26320 7|5100 10431 204|18 1922|8 91792   N N 21215 91791 76831 5|8678 87054 31687 9320|5 43685 19732 08468   N N 10|438 44482 66558 37649 08882 90870 12462 418|10 01806 02977   N N 36792 2|6236 33266 66583 60881 97395 20461 3|6742 02852 50564   Y N N 73944 04|773 12032 514|14 82384 38370 00249 80709| 72605 67497   N N 49563 12872 14063 93104| 78483 72717 68714 18048 25005 04151 64208 48237 41701 6

Unit III Review FR Questions 1. A company with a large sales staff announces openings for three positions as regional managers. Twenty-two of the current salespersons apply, 12 men and 10 women. After the interviews, when the company announces the newly appointed managers, all three positions go to women. The men complain of job discrimination. Do they have a case? Simulate a random selection of three people from the applicant pool and make a decision about the likelihood that a fair process would result in hiring all women. For my simulation, all three individuals hired were women only once out of 15 trials or 6 2 3 % of the time. This seems rare, but not rare enough to provide evidence of discrimination.

Unit III Review FR Questions 2. In an experiment to see if getting candy after a meal would induce customers to leave a bigger tip, a waitress randomly decided what to do with 80 dining parties. Some parties received no candy, some just one piece, and some two pieces. Others initially got just one piece of candy, and then the waitress suggested that they take another piece. She recorded the tips received, finding that, in general, the more candy the higher the tip, but the highest tips (23%) came from the parties who got one piece and then were offered more. (“Sweetening the Till: The Use of Candy to Increase Restaurant Tipping.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 32, no. 2[2002]:300-309) a) Diagram this experiment. Roll a die before waiting on each dining party. 1-4 decides to which treatment group they belong. (Ignore 5&6 on the die.) Track the group # and tip amount for each dining party for comparison later.

Unit III Review FR Questions 2. In an experiment to see if getting candy after a meal would induce customers to leave a bigger tip, a waitress randomly decided what to do with 80 dining parties. Some parties received no candy, some just one piece, and some two pieces. Others initially got just one piece of candy, and then the waitress suggested that they take another piece. She recorded the tips received, finding that, in general, the more candy the higher the tip, but the highest tips (23%) came from the parties who got one piece and then were offered more. (“Sweetening the Till: The Use of Candy to Increase Restaurant Tipping.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 32, no. 2[2002]:300-309) b) How many factors are there? How many levels?

Unit III Review FR Questions 2. In an experiment to see if getting candy after a meal would induce customers to leave a bigger tip, a waitress randomly decided what to do with 80 dining parties. Some parties received no candy, some just one piece, and some two pieces. Others initially got just one piece of candy, and then the waitress suggested that they take another piece. She recorded the tips received, finding that, in general, the more candy the higher the tip, but the highest tips (23%) came from the parties who got one piece and then were offered more. (“Sweetening the Till: The Use of Candy to Increase Restaurant Tipping.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 32, no. 2[2002]:300-309) c) How many treatments are there?

Unit III Review FR Questions 2. In an experiment to see if getting candy after a meal would induce customers to leave a bigger tip, a waitress randomly decided what to do with 80 dining parties. Some parties received no candy, some just one piece, and some two pieces. Others initially got just one piece of candy, and then the waitress suggested that they take another piece. She recorded the tips received, finding that, in general, the more candy the higher the tip, but the highest tips (23%) came from the parties who got one piece and then were offered more. (“Sweetening the Till: The Use of Candy to Increase Restaurant Tipping.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 32, no. 2[2002]:300-309) d) What is the response variable?

Unit III Review FR Questions 2. In an experiment to see if getting candy after a meal would induce customers to leave a bigger tip, a waitress randomly decided what to do with 80 dining parties. Some parties received no candy, some just one piece, and some two pieces. Others initially got just one piece of candy, and then the waitress suggested that they take another piece. She recorded the tips received, finding that, in general, the more candy the higher the tip, but the highest tips (23%) came from the parties who got one piece and then were offered more. (“Sweetening the Till: The Use of Candy to Increase Restaurant Tipping.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 32, no. 2[2002]:300-309) e) Did this experiment involve blinding? Double blinding?

Unit III Review FR Questions 2. In an experiment to see if getting candy after a meal would induce customers to leave a bigger tip, a waitress randomly decided what to do with 80 dining parties. Some parties received no candy, some just one piece, and some two pieces. Others initially got just one piece of candy, and then the waitress suggested that they take another piece. She recorded the tips received, finding that, in general, the more candy the higher the tip, but the highest tips (23%) came from the parties who got one piece and then were offered more. (“Sweetening the Till: The Use of Candy to Increase Restaurant Tipping.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 32, no. 2[2002]:300-309) f) In what way might the waitress, perhaps unintentionally, have biased the results?

Unit III Review FR Questions 3. A researcher wants to compare the performance of three types of antacid in volunteers suffering from acid reflux disease. Because men and women may react differently to this medication, the subjects are split into two groups, by gender. Subjects in each group are randomly assigned to take one of the antacids or to take a sugar pill made to look the same. The subjects will rate their level of discomfort 30 minutes after eating. a) What kind of design is this?

Unit III Review FR Questions 3. A researcher wants to compare the performance of three types of antacid in volunteers suffering from acid reflux disease. Because men and women may react differently to this medication, the subjects are split into two groups, by gender. Subjects in each group are randomly assigned to take one of the antacids or to take a sugar pill made to look the same. The subjects will rate their level of discomfort 30 minutes after eating. b) The experiment uses volunteers rather than a random sample of people suffering from acid reflux disease. Does this make the results invalid? Explain.

Unit III Review FR Questions 3. A researcher wants to compare the performance of three types of antacid in volunteers suffering from acid reflux disease. Because men and women may react differently to this medication, the subjects are split into two groups, by gender. Subjects in each group are randomly assigned to take one of the antacids or to take a sugar pill made to look the same. The subjects will rate their level of discomfort 30 minutes after eating. c) How may the use of the placebo confound this experiment? Explain.

Unit III Review FR Questions 4. It’s generally believed that baseball players can hit the ball farther with aluminum bats than with the traditional wooden ones. Is that true? And, if so, how much farther? Players on your local high school baseball team have agreed to help you find out. Design an appropriate experiment. in