Activity series Experiment # 15

What we are doing today: We are going to test reactions of metals with acids We are going to test single replacement reactions. We are going to determine a relative activity series BASED ON OUR EXPERIMENTAL DATA

What does reactivity mean? 9F Reactivity in chemistry What does reactivity mean? Elements that are reactive readily take part in reactions with other chemicals. But an element might react very quickly with one chemical and hardly at all with another. So is it reactive or not? To compare the reactivity of different elements, we might see how easily they react with oxygen. Some metals corrode in minutes out on the bench. Others take longer to corrode, unless you heat them.

We can list metals in order of how quickly they react with oxygen. 9F The Gold Cup again? We can list metals in order of how quickly they react with oxygen. speed of reaction with oxygen least reactive most reactive This ranking of metals according to reactivity is called the reactivity series.

What if we react different metals with acid? 9F Reaction of metals with acid What if we react different metals with acid? iron – the metal reacts slowly, producing a few bubbles copper – no bubbles, no reaction with acid lead – the metal reacts very slowly, producing very few bubbles magnesium – the metal reacts quickly with the acid, producing lots of bubbles sodium – the metal bursts into flames, a very strong reaction

reactivity series with 9F What about water? We can also rank metals by their reaction with water. Compare with the reactivity series for oxygen and acid. reactivity series with oxygen acid water potassium sodium magnesium zinc iron lead copper gold potassium sodium magnesium zinc iron lead copper gold The reactivity series is very useful. How can we learn it?

metal symbol useful mnemonic? 9F Remembering the series metal symbol useful mnemonic? potassium sodium magnesium aluminium zinc iron lead hydrogen copper gold K Na Mg Al Zn Fe Pb H Cu Au Kangaroos Naturally Muck About in Zoos For Purple Hippos Chasing Aardvarks Come on, you can think of a better mnemonic!

The reactivity series allows you to make predictions. 9F Using the series The reactivity series allows you to make predictions. Choose from the box below. What will happen when you mix... ...a metal …and an acid? potassium hydrochloric acid magnesium iron copper gold very violent reaction fast reaction gas bubbles form slowly nothing happens nothing happens nothing happens gas bubbles form slowly fast reaction nothing happens very violent reaction

Magnesium is more reactive than copper. 9F Feeling a bit displaced? A single replacement reaction happens when one metal replaces another one in a compound. Magnesium is more reactive than copper. Magnesium displaces copper from copper sulphate solution. magnesium + copper sulphate magnesium sulphate + ?

Write a word equation for this reaction. 9F A model for displacement reactions This model will help explain displacement reactions. Think of reactivity as aggression! Write a word equation for this reaction.

Part A To six test tubes add approximately 0.5 ml of HCl Add a small piece Ca metal to the test tube Record all changes Repeat for all five metals Write complete and ionic equations for each metal

Part B To one test tube add approximately 0.5 ml of a polyatomic ionic compound Ca(NO3)2 Repeat for each of the other six polyatomic ionic compounds Add a small piece Ca metal to each test tube Record all changes Repeat for all five metals Write complete and ionic equations for each metal

Part B Dispose of the waste and Repeat all procedures for each of the other five metals Write complete and net ionic equations for each metal

Part C Based on your experimental data determine a relative activity series of the metals in question Ca Cu Fe Mg Sn Zn Al

Types of chemical equations Equations can be divided into 3 types 1) Molecular, 2) Ionic, 3) Net ionic Here is a typical molecular equation: Cd(NO3)2(aq) + Na2S(aq)  CdS(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)

We can write this as an ionic equation (all compounds that are (aq) are written as ions): Cd2+(aq) + 2NO3–(aq) + 2Na+(aq) + S2–(aq)  CdS(s) + 2Na+(aq) + 2NO3–(aq)

Net Ionic equations Cd2+(aq) + 2NO3–(aq) + 2Na+(aq) + S2–(aq)  CdS(s) + 2Na+(aq) + 2NO3–(aq) To get the NET ionic equation we cancel out all terms that appear on both sides: Net: Cd2+(aq) + S2–(aq)  CdS(s)

Equations must be balanced There are two conditions for molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations Materials balance Both sides of an equation should have the same number of each type of atom Electrical balance Both sides of a reaction should have the same net charge

Due next week Pg 167 and 168 Need to show all work for full credit!!