Chemistry: An Introduction Chapter 1
Why is Chemistry Important? In Our Daily Lives »New Materials »New Pharmaceuticals »New Energy Sources »Food Supplies »Can you think of others?
Why is Chemistry Important? In Your Education »Help you learn to Gather and Organize Information –Qualitative and Quantitative »Help you learn to find Patterns in Information »Help you learn to Analyze Complex Systems »Help you develop skills to Predict Future Events based on Patterns of Behavior »Help you develop Problem-Solving Skills –Systematic Approach
Chemistry Chemistry is the science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes that these materials undergo.
Chemical Changes What are examples of chemical changes? steel rusting wood burning food cooking grape juice fermenting plant growing How do we know that these are chemical changes?
The Work of Chemists What type of jobs would chemists have? FBI FDA EPA Water Company Chemical Company Crime Lab Cosmetic Company Hospital Education Electric Power Co. Research Lab Pharmaceutical Co.
Science Science is both a noun and a verb. Science is a body of knowledge and a method of adding to that body of knowledge.
Steps in the Scientific Method 1.Observations - quantitative - measurement involves a number and a unit. - qualitative 2.Formulating hypotheses - possible explanation for the observation 3.Performing experiments - gathering new information to decide whether the hypothesis is valid whether the hypothesis is valid
Qualitative & Quantitative Observations red book round tire wooden desk metal chair aluminum foil glass square rough board four quarters six wheels 24 students five atoms 65 o C 2” X 4” X 8’ two graduated cylinders Make a list in your notes of qualitative & quantitative observations. QualitativeQuantitative
Outcomes Over the Long-Term Theory (Model) - A set of tested hypotheses that give an overall explanation of some natural phenomenon. overall explanation of some natural phenomenon. Natural Law - The same observation applies to many different systems different systems - Example - Law of Conservation of Mass
Law vs. Theory A law summarizes what happens; a theory (model) is an attempt to explain why it happens.
The various parts of the scientific method.
Problems of the Scientific Method Scientists must be objective when using the scientific method. The scientific method is affected by: profit motivesreligious beliefs warsmisinterpretation of data budgetsemotions fadsprejudices politicspeer pressure
Scientific Terminology What is the difference between a hypothesis & a theory? What is the difference between an observation & a theory? What is the difference between a natural law and a theory?
Why Take Chemistry? Chemistry is the central science! Biology, physics, medicine, and engineering depend upon chemical knowledge. The critical thinking, study, & organizational skills learned in chemistry are invaluable in other fields of endeavor. Chemical knowledge is invaluable in making sound choices in everyday life in using medications, pesticides, cleaning agents, etc.
Learning Chemistry These skills are absolutely necessary for learning chemistry! 1. Math skills 2. Study skills 3. Note-taking skills 4. Listening skills 5. Organizational skills 6. Vocabulary skills 7. Critical thinking skills
The Best Approach to Learning Chemistry Learn the Vocabulary of Chemistry »Definitions of Terms »How Common Vocabulary is Applied to Chemistry Memorize Important Information »Names, Formulas, and Charges of Polyatomic Ions »Solubility Rules
The Best Approach to Learning Chemistry Learn and Practice Processes »Systematic Names and Formulas »Dimensional Analysis Do the Questions and Exercises at the End of the Chapter to Test your Understanding and help you See the Patterns
Three Steps to Success in Chemistry 1. Do not miss class! 2. Ask questions! 3. Complete all homework!
The Learning Process It is no disaster to make a mistake as long as you learn from it!! Each test, quiz, or lab is a learning exercise. You will be successful in chemistry if you learn from your mistakes!!!