2014: Fine Tuning The Fumigant System Stanley Culpepper, University of Georgia Tifton Campus

Potential MB Fumigant Alternatives 1.UGA 3-WAY 2.Paladin Pic 3.Trifecta 4.Pic Chlor 60

Production Goal 3 to 6 Crops 1 or 2 Crops FUMIGANT OPTIONS

Fumigant Research 2013 and 2014 Distance between sites: 67 miles

Potential MB Fumigant Alternatives 1.UGA 3-WAY 2.Paladin Pic 3.Trifecta 4.Pic Chlor 60

UGA 3-WAY Telone/Pic/Metam Metam = 4 in. (75 G) Chloropicrin = 8 in. (150 lb) Telone II = 12 in. (12 G) Ideal Placement Metam = 4 in. (75 G) Pic Chlor 60 = 8 in. (21 G) More Common Applicators used to inject metam 4” deep and 4” apart in the final bed

Nutsedge response to the 3-WAY. Tift Co., Plots were 1 bed by 150 feet. Fall soil temp 84. (Veg 43-13) LDPEVIFTIF 91 b 89 b 99 a % 160 plant/A 464 plant/A494 plant/A 82,460 plant/A check

Nutsedge response to the 3-WAY. Echols Co., Plots were 1 bed by 150 feet. Spring soil temp 64. (Veg 13-13) LDPEVIFTIF 85 b 65 c 97 a % 290 plant/A 6960 plant/A37,265 plant/A 319,250 plant/A check

3-WAY; LDPECheck UGA 3-WAY. Fall Tift Co.

3-WAY; TIFCheck UGA 3-WAY. Fall Tift Co.

UGA 3-WAY GA/FL Line (sands) Light to Severe: UGA 3-WAY TIF Herbicide NOT Required (would still suggest Dual Topical for pepper) Rates Driven By Nutsedge Populations

UGA 3-WAY Herbicide NOT Required (would still suggest Dual Topical) Rates Driven By Nutsedge Populations FALL: South GA (loamy sands) Light : 3-WAY LDPE Moderate to Severe: 3-WAY TIF SPRING: South GA (loamy sands) Light to Moderate: 3-WAY LDPE Severe: 3-WAY TIF

Pic Chlor 60 1.UGA 3-WAY 2.Paladin Pic 3.Trifecta 4.Pic Chlor 60

Nutsedge response to the Pic Chlor 60. Tift Co., Plots were 1 bed by 150 feet. Spring soil temp 58F. (Veg 14-13) VIFTIF 83 b 61 b 95 a % 1740 plant/A 9425 plant/A23,925 plant/A 36,685 plant/A check 82 b 11,890 plant/A 21 GPA 28 GPA21 GPA 28 GPA

Nutsedge response to the Pic Chlor 60. Echols Co., Plots were 1 bed by 150 feet. Spring soil temp 64. (Veg 13-13) 18 b 84 a % 29,870 plant/A248,820 plant/A 28 GPA VIF 28 GPA TIF 319,250 plant/A check

Pic Chlor 60 Light to Moderate: 28 G (340 lb) TIF Moderate to Severe: 28 GPA TIF Herbicide System Required Rates Driven By Nutsedge

Palmer Amaranth Control With Pic Chlor 60. Tift Co., Plus Dual Mag 12 oz/ANo Herbicide

Nutsedge response to the fumigants. Echols Co., Plots were 1 bed by 150 feet. Spring soil temp 64. (Veg 13-13) UGA 3-WAY TIF MB 67: LB TIF 84 b 95 a % 290 plant/A308 plant/A 319,250 plant/A check 97 a PIC CHLOR 60 TIF 6380 plant/A

Potential MB Fumigant Alternatives 1.UGA 3-WAY 2.Paladin Pic 3.Trifecta 4.Pic Chlor 60

Paladin Pic Light to Moderate: GPA TIF Moderate to Severe: 50 GPA TIF Herbicide System Required Rates Driven By Nutsedge

Paladin Pic Light Populations: 40 GPA TIF Moderate to Severe: 50 GPA TIF Herbicide System Required BE CAREFUL FOR ODOR MANAGEMENT

Trifecta 1.UGA 3-WAY 2.Paladin Pic 3.Trifecta 4.Pic Chlor 60

Trifecta Light to Moderate: LB/A TIF Moderate to Severe: LB/A TIF Herbicide System Required Rates Driven By Nutsedge Populations

Trifecta Light Populations: 40 GPA TIF Moderate to Severe: 50 GPA TIF Herbicide System Required BE CAREFUL FOR ODOR MANAGEMENT

2015 OPTIONS INCREASE …..I THINK

Systems for Tift Co., Plots were 1 bed by 150 feet. Spring soil temp 64. (Veg 42-13) Paladin Pic 40 G 3-WAY TIF System A 85 b 72 c 99.9 a % 40 P/A35 P/A1470 P/A 32,318 plant/A check 94 ab Trifecta 350 lb 83 P/A System B 99.9 a 380 P/A

System ACheck

New Systems Potential BENEFITS: Outstanding pest control. Equal cost or slightly lower??? Reduced buffer restrictions. Far more consistent. No herbicide under mulch. Lower odor concerns.

New Systems Potential NEGATIVES: 2 or 3 fumigants; 2 application points Shank inject 4 inches on bed top Slower application than Trifecta, Pic Chlor Plant back interval longer

2014 Fumigant System Effectiveness 1. UGA 3-WAY TIF 2. Paladin Pic >= Trifecta TIF 3. 3-WAY (Spring) LDPE (not GA/FL line) 4. Pic Chlor 60 at 28 GPA TIF

2014 Fumigant System Effectiveness 1. UGA 3-WAY TIF 2. Paladin Pic >= Trifecta TIF 3. 3-WAY (Spring) LDPE (not GA/FL line) 4. Pic Chlor 60 at 28 GPA TIF

2015 Fumigant System Effectiveness 1. System A 2. System B 3. System C 4. UGA 3-WAY TIF 5. Paladin Pic >= Trifecta TIF 6. 3-WAY (Spring) LDPE (not GA/FL line) 7. Pic Chlor 60 at 28 GPA TIF

2015 Fumigant System Effectiveness 1. System A 2. System B 3. System C 4. UGA 3-WAY TIF 5. Paladin Pic >= Trifecta TIF 6. 3-WAY (Spring) LDPE (not GA/FL line) 7. Pic Chlor 60 at 28 GPA TIF COST VS CONTROL??

Fumigant Plant Back Intervals PESTCONTROLPESTCONTROL PLANTBACKPLANTBACK

Factors Influencing Rate/Control FUMIGANTRATEFUMIGANTRATE Higher populations of nutsedge 2. Warmer soil temperatures 3. Low moisture conditions (not wet either) 4. Soft bed (compaction)—double press?? 5. Lighter texture the soil

Factors Influencing Rate/Control FUMIGANTRATEFUMIGANTRATE Higher populations of nutsedge 2. Warmer soil temperatures 3. Low moisture conditions (not wet either) 4. Soft bed (compaction) 5. Lighter texture the soil INFLUENCE CONCENTRATION OVER TIME

Factors Influencing Rate/Control FUMIGANTRATEFUMIGANTRATE Higher populations of nutsedge 2. Warmer soil temperatures 3. Low moisture conditions (not wet either) 4. Soft bed (compaction) 5. Lighter texture the soil We can influence quite quickly if willing!!!!

Managing Nutsedge YEAR ROUND 1. Row middles with Sandea 2. Spray as soon as crop done:

Roundup 2 qt/A fb 2 qt/A 10 days later! Then treat as needed.

Amount of Sandea remaining on plastic mulch. TyTy GA, percent days Grey, Culpepper

Managing Nutsedge YEAR ROUND 1. Row middles with Sandea 2. Spray as soon as crop done: 3. When mulch is out of field:

ROTATE DISKING WITH ROUNDUP AND 1 QT 3WK AFTER NUTSEDGE EMERGENCE ADD SANDEA IN WITH ROUNDUP ONCE IF NOT CARRYOVER PROBLEMS

Questions or Comments? Continued Thanks: William UpChurch and Perry Fuller