KEY CONCEPT Many organisms reproduce by cell division.

Asexual Reproduction-the creation of offspring from a single parent-these organism inherit all of their genetic material from one parent. Offspring are genetically identical to the parents. MITOSIS CELL DIVISION RESPONSIBLE FOR GROWTH AND REPAIR Sexual Reproduction-genetic material from two parents combine forming genetically unique individuals. Involves reproductive cells called gametes (egg or sperm cells) MEIOSIS

4 types of asexual reproduction (1)Binary fission produces two daughter cells genetically identical to the parent cell. Binary fission occurs in prokaryotes. parent cell DNA duplicates cell begins to divide daughter cells

Some eukaryotes reproduce through mitosis. (2)Budding forms a new organism from a small projection growing on the surface of the parent. bud Hydra Yeast

(3)Fragmentation is the splitting of the parent into pieces that each grow into a new organism. (4)Vegetative reproduction forms a new plant from the modification of a stem or underground structure on the parent plant.

Advantages More efficient in ideal conditions All organisms can potentially reproduce Do not have to waste time finding a mate Disadvantages More vulnerable Lack adaptability in changing conditions Less diverse

Environment determines what form of reproduction is most advantageous. Asexual reproduction is an advantage in consistently favorable conditions. Sexual reproduction is an advantage in changing conditions.