28 Jan. 2013Intro-Plants.ppt1 INTRODUCTION TO PLANTS Kingdom Plantae

28 Jan. 2013Intro-Plants.ppt2 Plants are different from animals! Be prepared to Journal…

28 Jan. 2013Intro-Plants.ppt3 Plants are different Cell walls of cellulose –complex carbohydrate Acquire energy by photosynthesis –Chloroplasts with chlorophyll a, b –Chlorophyll reflects green part of visual spectrum

Journal the following: Different structural adaptations of plants? Different life cycles in a plant: sporophyte vs. gametophyte How Plant life cycle is different than animal life cycles? What is the good and bad about asexual propagation? 28 Jan. 2013Intro-Plants.ppt4

28 Jan. 2013Intro-Plants.ppt5 Plants are different Plant body –Shoot: stem (nodes, internodes), leaves, reproductive structures (flowers, cones, etc.);usually above ground –Root: usually below ground, in soil Variations

28 Jan. 2013Intro-Plants.ppt6 Plant Body Shoot system –Stem & branches –Leaves –Nodes & internodes –Reproductive structures Root system –Primary roots –Branch roots

28 Jan. 2013Intro-Plants.ppt7 Plants are different Plant body: Shoot & Root with vascular tissues  Xylem water & minerals UP  Phloem sap DOWN  Cambium cell division for xylem & phloem

28 Jan. 2013Intro-Plants.ppt8 Plants are different Growth at meristems Apical meristem ”primary” growth (length) Lateral meristem = vascular cambium “secondary” growth (girth)

28 Jan. 2013Intro-Plants.ppt9 Plant Life Cycles are different Alternation of generations

28 Jan. 2013Intro-Plants.ppt10 Plants are different Life Cycle = Alternation of generations.  Sporophyte generation (diploid, 2n)  Gametophyte generation (haploid, 1n)

28 Jan. 2013Intro-Plants.ppt11 Sexual Life Cycle Generalized life cycle of sexually reproducing species.  Fertilization  Meiosis

28 Jan. 2013Intro-Plants.ppt12 Animal Life Cycle Multicellular diploid  Zygote, embryo,  young (larva), adult Unicellular haploid  sperm or egg

28 Jan. 2013Intro-Plants.ppt13 Plant life cycle Alternation of generations: Diploid sporophyte Haploid gametophyte  multicellular  sperm or egg

28 Jan. 2013Intro-Plants.ppt14 Plant life cycle Example: fern

28 Jan. 2013Intro-Plants.ppt15 Plant life cycle Example: flowering plant

Asexual propagation Plants often reproduce asexually –runners, –rhizomes, –tubers –roots form new shoots –fragmentation (willow, privet, Forsythia) Used by nurseries to propagate varieties –ornamental plants (roses, crepe myrtle) –fruit trees (apple, etc.) 28 Jan. 2013Intro-Plants.ppt16

28 Jan. 2013Intro-Plants.ppt17 Asexual propagation Advantages: One individual can reproduce Copies a successful genome exactly! offspring are clones of parent; offspring expected to be as successful as parent May be faster no time for courtship, pollination, etc.

28 Jan. 2013Intro-Plants.ppt18 Asexual propagation Disadvantages: All offspring are genetically identical. If environment changes, all are equally disadvantaged. (Sexual reproduction produces variation in offspring. Mixes genes from two parents.)