MERRELL, K.W., ERVIN, R. A., & PEACOCK, G. G. (2006). SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: FOUNDATIONS AND PRACTICES. NEW YORK, NY: THE GUILFORD PRESS. Chapter 2: History of School Psychology
Timeline of Psychology B.C.: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle first document the study of psychology : Hobbes: Relationship of speech to thought : Descartes: mind/body dualism : Locke: minds ability to gain knowledge : Hume: equates psychology to physics/ impressions vs. ideas : Darwin: evolution of the mind : Wundt establishes the first psych lab : Freud: unconscious vs. conscious 1891: APA was founded
Timeline of American Education 1600s: Ideas about public education being discussed. 1700s: States begin to add public education to their constitutions 1800s: Beginning and expansion of the “common schools” 1892: Plessy vs. Ferguson 1920s: Almost all children receive some schooling 1954: Brown vs. Board of Education 1975: Education for All Handicapped Children Act (P.L / IDEA)
Timeline of School Psychology 1890s: First began to see the foundations of school psychology as a separate practice. 1896: Lightner Whitmer: First Psychological Clinic in North America at University of Penn. (specifically for discovering problems in children) Seen as father of school and clinical psychology 1905: Publication of Stanford-Binet scales Original Binet scales for sorting children in Paris schools 1910: Child Guidance Clinics and Mental Hygiene Movement 1920s: “School Psychology/ School Psychologist” emerge as terms 1971: APA Accredits their first doctoral program
Timeline of School Psychology 1930: Hildreth’s book “Psychological Service for School Problems” published as first book in the field 1949: Boulder Conference: scientist-practitioner model of training and psychological credentials first set forward (general to psychology) 1954: Thayer Conference: first conference specific to school psychology. 1969: NASP is founded 1975: P.L 1980s: NASP approves first programs 1988: NCSP credential is established 2002: APA/ NASP joint committee (IOC) considered a failure
NASP and APA Divide M.S. / Ed.S. degree to be called a “psychologist” To practice independently Sch Psych is INDEPENDENT from psych Doctoral Degree to be called a “psychologist” To practice independently Sch Psych is SUBSUMED in psych NASPAPA