Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany CHAPTER 19 The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Objectives: >Compare the motivations, methods and class support of fascism and communism, particularly in Italy and Germany during the interwar years. >Describe Mussolini’s and Hitler’s rise to power, methods of control, and the reasons for their overwhelming support by the general public.

Reasons People Embraced Totalitarianism SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Bell Ringer 19.4: Why did people embrace totalitarianism? Reasons People Embraced Totalitarianism Italy Germany

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Benito Mussolini

Socialists using a gang of thugs called the Black Shirts. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany The Fascists conducted a violent campaign against their opponents – communists and Socialists using a gang of thugs called the Black Shirts.

Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Mussolini came to power after the "March on Rome" in 1922, and was appointed Prime Minister by King Victor Emmanuel.

What are the basic characteristics of Fascism? SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany What are the basic characteristics of Fascism? NATIONALISM: the belief that one's nation is of primary importance AUTHORITARIANISM: a political system controlled by typically non-elected rulers who usually permit some degree of individual freedom MILITARISM

What are the basic characteristics of Fascism? SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany What are the basic characteristics of Fascism? SINGLE PARTY STATE: single political party - no other parties are permitted to run candidates for election DICTATORSHIP: control by one person or a small group of people SOCIAL DARWINISM: strongest or fittest should survive and flourish in society, while the weak and unfit should be allowed to die.

Section 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

Fascism vs Communism SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Fascism vs Communism Totalitarian state over the individual Powerful military Controls through censorship and propaganda Totalitarian state over the individual Powerful military Controls through censorship and propaganda

Fascism vs Communism SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Fascism vs Communism Nationalistic left farms and large industries in the hands of their owners and let them run them as they saw fit so long as they provided the output the government demanded. Appealed to middle classes International seized all private property in the name of the state and put all industrial and economic production under the direct control of the government Appealed to working classes

Mussolini in control … SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Mussolini in control … Opposing parties were disbanded. Basic liberties were suspended. Strikes were outlawed. Uniformed and secret police spied on everyone. TOTALITARIANISM

Political Cartoon Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

Political Cartoon Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

Political Cartoon Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

Reasons People Embraced Totalitarianism SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Reasons People Embraced Totalitarianism Italy Germany internal turmoil internal turmoil weak government weak government crippled economy crippled economy dreams of former glory dreams of former glory restoration of order restoration of order Mussolini Hitler