A Variational Ensemble Streamflow Prediction Assessment Approach for Quantifying Streamflow Forecast Skill Elasticity AGU Fall Meeting December 18, 2014.

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Presentation transcript:

A Variational Ensemble Streamflow Prediction Assessment Approach for Quantifying Streamflow Forecast Skill Elasticity AGU Fall Meeting December 18, Moscone Center, San Francisco, CA Andy Wood Tom Hopson, Andy Newman, Martyn Clark NCAR Research Applications Laboratory, Boulder, CO Levi Brekke Reclamation Technical Services Center, Denver, CO Jeff Arnold Institute for Water Resources, Alexandria, VA

NCAR RAL/HAP Hydrologic prediction science questions Hydrological Prediction: How well can we estimate catchment dynamics? – Accuracy in precipitation and temperature estimates – Fidelity of hydrology models – process/structure – Effectiveness of hydrologic data assimilation methods hydrological predictability Water Cycle (from NASA) Atmospheric predictability: How well can we forecast the weather and climate? Opportunities: How do these areas influence variability informing different water applications? meteorological predictability

NCAR RAL/HAP Watershed Modeling Dataset Goal: framework for calibrating and running watershed models CONUS-wide Basin Selection – Used GAGES-II, Hydro-climatic data network (HCDN)-2009 Initial Data & Models, Calibration Approach – Forcing via Daymet ( – NWS operational Snow-17 and Sacramento-soil moisture accounting model (Snow-17/SAC) – Shuffled complex evolution (SCE) global optimization routine – See Andy Newman 762 Watersheds

NCAR RAL/HAP Hydro-climatic/Seasonal Variation in Watershed Moisture Focused on 424 of Sac/Snow17 models for 424 of the Newman et al 762 basins Contrasting two today – (1) humid Eastern US basin…

NCAR RAL/HAP Hydro-climatic/Seasonal Variation in Watershed Moisture Focused on 424 of Sac/Snow17 models for 424 of the Newman et al 762 basins Contrasting two today – (2) snowy Western US basin…

NCAR RAL/HAP Seasonal Variation in Watershed Moisture humid basin uniform rainfall no snow small cycle driven by ET cold basin drier summers deep snow large seasonal cycle April snowmelt dominates May-June runoff

NCAR RAL/HAP Assessing the sources of flow forecast skill vary predictor uncertainty  measure streamflow forecast uncertainty ESP (NWS ensemble streamflow prediction) compared with climatology: - shows influence of uncertainty in seasonal climate forecasts (SCFs) on streamflow forecast uncertainty

NCAR RAL/HAP Assessing the sources of flow forecast skill Wood & Lettenmaier, GRL 2008 vary predictor uncertainty  measure streamflow forecast uncertainty Reverse-ESP: - shows influence of uncertainty in initial hydrologic conditions (IHCs) on streamflow forecast uncertainty

NCAR RAL/HAP Assessing the sources of flow forecast skill Wood et al (JHM, in review) vary predictor uncertainty  measure streamflow forecast uncertainty ‘VESPA’: - explores influence of variations in SCF and IHC uncertainty on streamflow forecast uncertainty

NCAR RAL/HAP Snow-Driven Basin in the Western US Wide seasonal variations in influence of different skill sources cold forecast period (Dec- Feb) -- forecast skill depends mainly on initial condition accuracy warmer snowmelt forecast period forecast skill depends strongly on met. forecast skill IHC: initial Hydrologic Conditions SCF: Seasonal Climate Forecasts

NCAR RAL/HAP Snow-Driven Basin in the Western US Sensitivities depend on predictand duration For 1 month runoff (lead 0), IHCs dominate forecast IHC: initial Hydrologic Conditions SCF: Seasonal Climate Forecasts

NCAR RAL/HAP Snow-Driven Basin in the Western US IHC: initial Hydrologic Conditions SCF: Seasonal Climate Forecasts Sensitivities depend on predictand duration For 6 month runoff (lead 0), SCFs have more influence than for shorter predictands

NCAR RAL/HAP Humid Basin in the Eastern US Few seasonal variations in streamflow skill dependence Forecast skill (3 months) is always a blend of IHC and SCF influence IHC: initial Hydrologic Conditions SCF: Seasonal Climate Forecasts

NCAR RAL/HAP VESPA gradients allow calculation of skill elasticities IHC: initial Hydrologic Conditions SCF: Seasonal Climate Forecasts IHC uncertainty SCF uncertainty R 2 of flow forecast ESP point Elasticity of flow forecast skill elasticity = local derivative of flow skill with respect to IHC skill d(flow skill) / d(IHC skill) Elasticity of flow forecast skill elasticity = local derivative of flow skill with respect to IHC skill d(flow skill) / d(SCF skill)

NCAR RAL/HAP Flow Forecast Skill Elasticities The % change in flow forecast skill versus per % change in predictor source skill Can help estimate the benefits of investment to improve forecasts in each area (IHC, SCF) for a predictand of interest for a time of interest This work is funded by water management agencies – Reclamation and US Army Corps of Engineers

NCAR RAL/HAP Summary VESPA approach provides insight into seasonal and hydroclimatic variations in streamflow forecast skill dependence goes beyond earlier ESP/reverse ESP predictability end-point framework allows calculation of forecast skill elasticities (a new concept) provides a tool for understanding potential benefit of forecast system improvements 424-basin assessment provides regional / seasonal view of forecast skill variations elasticities > 1 for SCF implies benefits of climate forecasts for hydrology can be more valuable than expected Websites Acknowledge: US Army Corps of Engineers US Bureau of Reclamation