Ch. 27 Sec. 2 World War II Begins

Japan Sparks War in Asia Japan attacked China in 1937 with an all-out war. Review Time: What was the Open Door Policy Towards China? Japan’s aggression alarmed many American leaders Nanjing Massacre: Japanese 300,000 civilians and POWs in 6 weeks

Germany Brings War to Europe Hitler was on the move in the 1930s following his election Germany’s actions: 1.Remilitarized the Rhineland 2.Annexed Austria 3.Hitler claimed part of Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland) Munich Conference: Hitler promised he would seek no further territory Britain & France were practice of appeasement, which is giving into aggression to avoid war Hitler & Germany I WANT MORE LAND!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Germany Invades Poland Hitler eyed Poland as his next conquest He signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact with Stalin, which stated the 2 sides would not attack each other. Germany invaded Poland on September 1, – The Germans practiced blitzkrieg, lightning war, and quickly defeated Poland. Britain and France declared war on Germany as a result of this aggression

A Second World War 2 sides are set: Allies vs Axis Eventual Members: Britain France Soviet Union United States Eventual Members: Germany Italy Japan Germany continued its aggression: France was defeated in 6 weeks as a result of the new German war tactics Britain now stood alone against Germany and faced a German bombing campaign known as the Blitz (Battle of Britain) The Blitz

Great Britain’s New Leader – Winston Churchill “We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets…we shall never surrender.”

The United States Moves Towards War Aid to the Allies (especially Britain) – Lend-Lease Act: this allowed sales or loans to “any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States.” The U.S. set up at draft (first time during peace time) Isolationists were against these moves Despite their opposition, FDR won his third term as president

War Goals FDR and Churchill issued the Atlantic Charter, which set goals for the postwar world. They included: – Seek no new territory – Support the right of all people to choose their government – A “permanent system of general security” similar to the League of Nations. But what would bring the U.S. into the war????

“A date which will live in infamy” The U.S. tried to stop Japanese aggression by refusing to sell oil and scrap metal to them. This is called an embargo. This angered Japan and despite sending peace negotiators to Washington, the military of Japan plotted an attack against the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. On the morning of December 7, 1941, the Japanese launched a massive air attack against the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor. When it was all over, 19 ships were destroyed or damages, 200 planes were destroyed, and about 2,400 Americans were dead As result, the U.S. declared war on Japan and their allies Germany and Italy The U.S found itself in a world war once again.

USS Arizona Memorial

USS Arizona Explosion