Drought Management in Thailand Wet Season, 2014 Dry Season, 2014/15 Wet Season, 2015 Chao Phraya River Basin Lerdphan Sukyirun Irrigation Engineer Professional Level Office of Water Management and Hydrology Royal Irrigation Department, Thailand

Water Management in Chao Phraya River basin, Wet Season Work Plan for Dry Season in 2014/ Outlines Weather, Rainfall, and Volume of Water in Dams Forecast 03 Water Allocation and Cultivation Plan in Wet Season

Measure to Conduct the Risk Area 0.85 Million Rai 05 Measure to Conduct Water Management in Chao Phraya River Basin 06 Scenario for Water Management 07 Outlines 1 Hectare (ha) = 0.01 Square Kilometer = 6.25 Rai

Water Management in Chao Phraya River Basin, Wet Season Downstream area of Bhumibol and Sirikit dams is the targeted area for the plan cultivated in irrigation area during wet season Million Rai In-season rice 8.59 Million Rai Crop 0.06 Million Rai Sugar Cane 0.41 Million rai Plant 0.46 Million Rai Fish-Shrimp 0.33 Million Rai Other 0.09 Million Rai 1 Hectare (ha) = 0.01 Square Kilometer = 6.25 Rai

Bhumibol DAM Sirikit DAM Keaw Noi Dam Pasak Dam Dams in Chao Phraya River Basin

Sustainable Water Management Rainfall Irrigation systems in the beginning of wet season or lack of rainfall Priorities for Water Allocation are : Human Consumptive Needs EcologyAgriculture Industry

Weather, Rainfall Forecast There is a greater than 90% chance that El Niño will continue through Northern Hemisphere winter , and around an 80% chance it will last through early spring Resource : Climate Prediction Center / NCEP, 10 August 2015

Volume of Water in Reservoir Forecast Month Volume of water (MCM), 1 Nov 2014 Actual value at 1 Nov 2014 Less water case Average water case May 20146,59810,3996,777

How to reduce the scarcity of water? RID has conduced 4 actions could reduce water scarcity : 1.Staffs and volunteers could be monitoring and exchanging rainfall-runoff data 2.Checking the risk areas as well as arrange pumping for water-stressed areas and announce the situation to people 3.In cooperation with all water sectors has taken water use reduction 4.Water releasing from dams is necessary to control for water conservation due to lacking of rainfall period

Total of water volume 4 dams, Chao Phraya River basin in wet season 2014 Water available, 1 May 20143,204 MCM Inflow, 1 May- 31 Oct 20148,596 MCM Released water for all activities4,691 MCM Total water available,1 November 2014 is 6,777 MCM that need to plan for water management in dry season 2014/2015 and for wet season 2015

Work Plan for Dry Season in 2014/ Forecast 6,500 MCM Water vailable of 4 dams Bhumibol Sirikit Keaw Noi Pasak Conservative water in wet season ,600 MCM Consumptive needs/ Ecology and others 2,500 MCM Remaining water volume in the dam 400 MCM

Abstaining planting of off-season rice 6,500 MCM Total volume of water remaining will be 400 MCM. It can sustain for agriculture only crop requirement 0.82 Million Rai Water Available of Major Dams : Bhumibol, Sirikit, Keaw Noi, and Pasak dams 1 Hectare (ha) = 0.01 Square Kilometer = 6.25 Rai

Forecast Actual 6,500 MCM 6,777 MCM 1 Nov 2014 The committee determined water allocation in dry season Conservative water in wet season ,600 MCM The remaining water volume in the main dam 2,900 MCM Actual water releasing 4,113 MCM that is more than 1,213 MCM (41.8%) base on Plan of water allocation

Weather, Rainfall, and volume of water in dams forecast 03 The committee for monitoring and analysis of water situation has analyzed the amount of rain would be lower than normal throughout this rainy season due to the El Nino weather phenomenon. Source 5 May :00 pm Above FigurePrecipitable Water Below FigureWind Power Density Above Figure show Thailand is blue color that mean rainfall is influenced on the wind waves in the Andaman sea ข้อมูล : ดร.เอกวิทย์ จรประดิษฐ์

The simulation estimates the total water volume of main dams during Nov 2014 to Apr 2015 Month forecast Total water available of 4 dams (MCM), 1 May 2015 Less water caseAvg. water caseActual value November 20145,0165,7723,815 December 20145,1365,5843,815 January 20154,5414,8673,815 February 20154,1064,2533,815 March 20153,9994,1153,815 April 20153,8433,8843,815

Water allocation and cultivation Plan in wet season Measurement 1 changing in cropping calendar and time of water releasing Started base on :June to August Lift to :April to July For avoiding the flood season (Particularly, Lowland in Upper Chao Phraya Basin)

Forecast Water use for all activities 5,500 MCM Consumptive needs 667 MCM Ecology 710 MCM Agriculture 4,123 MCM

Water Action Plan Released Daily average water released 53 MCM During 12 May – 10 June, Daily average water released 61 MCM During June, Daily average water released 33 MCM Daily average water released 28 MCM Water released in CPY 2014 Water released in CPY 2015 Million cubic meter (MCM) May June July

Rainfall is less than Avg. 10% Minimum rainfall 3,367 MCM3,251 MCM Rainfall is less than Avg. 10% Minimum rainfall 3,812 MCM3,069 MCM 33 MCM/day Condition for water management is total water available of 4 dams could be 3,500 MCM in end of wet season The simulation estimates the total water volume of 4 dams 28 MCM/day

Before announce a prohibition of off-season rice planting 9 June 2015 Grown off-season rice planting 3.44 Million rai Delayed rice planting area 4.01 Million rai Damage area 0.85 Million rai

Measure to Conduct the Risk Area 0.85 Million Rai 05 1.Restricting access to water allocation with Administration and Security Affairs Section Assign water management plan to each Regional Irrigation Offices Regional Irrigation Offices could designed timetable to distribute water into sub-area Administration, Security Affairs Section, and the Agricultural Extension Department come up with water timetable that meet rice farmers to assign water management plan

Measure to Conduct the Risk Area 0.85 Million Rai Groundwater wells are seeking more water resources that is supported from Department of Groundwater Resources Department of Groundwater Resources set the map of 380 observes wells its cover farmland and 500 locations that is the drilling well’s plan Regional Irrigation Offices come up with farmers to assign the risk area due to water shortage while the Groundwater Resources Department will consider their suitability. As report, there is 1,038 wells.

Measure to conduct the risk area 0.85 Million rai Shallow-wells are seeking more water resources, the need farmers of groundwater wells more than the drilling wells from Department of Groundwater Resources. Hence, RID will consult The Agriculture and Cooperatives Ministry to assured that it is well prepared to handle a drought crisis. Measure to Conduct the Risk Area 0.85 Million Rai

Measure to Conduct Water Management in Chao Phraya River Basin 06 1.The Metropolitan Waterworks Authority (MWA) seeks more raw water resources in Bangkok and Metropolitans 2.Do not drainage residential sewage, livestock and industrial discharge into the Chao Phraya River, Tha Chin, and other canals 3.Redesigned crop pattern, according to soil moisture and water resources 4.More option for farmers to select a crop cultivation which require less water

Scenario for Water management 07 1.Cycle of water users in basin system is Upper farmland and lower farmland of Chao Phraya barrier. In Upper farmland started growing rice crop at 1 April, its will need much water for producing grain period after that it can decrease of water release, then harvested rice period in end of July In lower farmland started growing rice crop at 1 May, need maximum water use in July In Upper farmland started growing rice crop at 1 April, its will need much water for producing grain period after that it can decrease of water release, then harvested rice period in end of July In lower farmland started growing rice crop at 1 May, need maximum water use in July

Scenario for Water management Releasing water for consumption and ecology only. However, it should be released water to help the delayed planting of off-season rice and grown off-season rice planting that may occur damage areas 3. Worst case, need water from dead storage of Bhumibol and Sirikit dams released to downstream for consumption, and maintain the basin's ecology activities

Water data Application

Royal Irrigation Department (RID) The Committee for Monitoring and Analysis of Water Situation Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) Department of Water Resources (DWR) Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute (HAII) Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (DDPM) Navy department Office of The Royal Development Projects Board (ORDPB) Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning (DPT) 28