Unit 2: Chemical Quantities SCH 4C
The Chemist’s Dozen How many in a couple? How many in a few? How many in a dozen? How many in a ream? Just like you associate these terms with a number, the mole is too!
The Chemist’s Dozen The mole is the chemist’s dozen 1 mole = 6.02 x particles That is 602 sextillion Or This is called Avogadro’s number
Avogadro’s Number Like a dozen, a mole is used to measure the amount of a substance. If you have 1 dozen donuts, you have 12 donuts. If you have 1 mole of donuts, you have 6.02 x donuts x donuts. In chemistry, the mole is commonly used to count atoms, formula units and molecules.
The Mole and Mass The molar mass of a substance is the mass of 6.02 x particles of that substance. The molar mass of an element is equal to the atomic mass in g/mol. The molar mass of a compound is equal to the sum of the atomic mass of all the elements present in g/mol.
Molar Mass Find the molar mass of: Fe Pt C 12 H 22 O 11 Ca(NO 3 ) g/mol195.1 g/mol 12C + 22H + 11O 12(12.01) + 22(1.01) + 11(16.0) g/mol Ca + 3N + 9O (14.01) +9(16.0) g/mol
Relating Moles to Mass To calculate the mass represented by a certain number of moles of a substance, we use the relationship: Where n= moles (mol) m = mass (g) M = molar mass (g/mol) m = n M
Finding moles… How many moles are represented by 56.2g of Cu? n = m = 56.2g M 63.5 g/mol = mol
Finding Mass… Calculate the mass of 6.72 mol of Na 2 CO 3. M = g/mol m = n x M = (6.72 mol)( g/mol) = g
Time to Work Pg 85 #4 and pg 99 # 9-11 Pg #1-5 Pg 100 #12, 13 Pg #14-17
The Mole and the Number of Particles One mole of a substance is the amount of a substance containing 6.02 x particles of that substance. 1 mole of Na is 6.02 x atoms 1 mole of Cl 2 is 6.02 x molecules 1 mole of NaCl is 6.02 x formula units 1 mole of H 2 O is 6.02 x molecules 6.02 x is Avogadro’s Number and is given the symbol N A.
To calculate the number of particles in a sample of a substance we use the relationship: The Mole and the Number of Particles N = n N A Where N is the number of particles (atoms, molecules, formula units) n is the number of moles (mol) n is the number of moles (mol) N A is Avogadro’s number (atoms/mol, molecules/mol, formula units/mol) N A is Avogadro’s number (atoms/mol, molecules/mol, formula units/mol)
Finding the Number of Particles How many atoms are represented by 2.6 mol of Fe?
Finding the Number of Moles How many moles are present in a sample containing 5.63 x molecules of H 2 O?
Finding the Number of Atoms in a Sample How many atoms of hydrogen are present in a sample containing 8.63 mol of methane, CH 4 ?
Time to Work Pg 98 #6-8 Pg 105 #18-21