Physical properties and kinetic theory Kinetic theory of matter – States all particles of matter are constantly in motion. State (Phase) of matter: Q. What are two things that can happen when energy is added to a substance? *Review how molecules move differently in solids, liquids, and gases (note solid particles still moving)

A: Change of temperature or state *A: temperature rises, or if at specific point, change of state occurs Physical property: state physical change: change of state

Volume (Space Occupied) Ex. Even concrete needs to expand due to heat. Expansion joints are created in bridges and roads to allow for this natural adjustment. Q: What are two ways to measure volume?

Measuring Volume V=lwh Graduated Cylinder Fluid Displacement

Mass (Amount of matter an object or substance contains) Q. What tool might be used to find the mass of an object?

Balance

Density Q: How does this relate to kinetic theory? Density – Amount of matter present in a certain volume. Density = Mass/volume Q: How does this relate to kinetic theory?

Physical properties cont. Viscosity Tendency of a substance to resist flow Results in slower or faster movement of substance particles. Low energy = low heat = thickness and slow flow. Ex. (honey from refrigerator) High energy= high heat = thinner and faster flow. Ex. (honey from microwave) Kk Substances get thicker as temperatures (energy amount) lower. Substances get thinner as temperatures rise.

How does viscosity relate to kinetic theory? Draw and label how the molecules of a viscous substance might be different from a non-viscous substance.

Solubility (How a substance dissolves in a given volume of liquid.) Ex. Salt or sugar dissolves much better than dirt in a given volume of liquid What happens to mud or dirt when It’s put in water? Dirt in solvent(different properties than sugar)

NEW VOCABULARY!! Dissolving - disappearing visually in a solvent Solute – substance (usually a solid) being dissolved in a liquid. Solvent – substance (usually a liquid) doing the dissolving.

Think back to lab… Temperature most definitely determines how quickly something can dissolve!! Sugar in hot coffee vs. cold coffee Cold Solvent Hot Solvent

Malleability Ability of a substance (usually metals) to be formed into different shapes without breaking. Metals have many uses in the world because of this property. Can you name a few?

Physical Change Any change that is made to a substances physical properties - observed without changing the identity (internal makeup) of a substance. - Always ask yourself if the identity of the substance is the same or not following a change. What happens to water as it goes from liquid to a solid? Is this a physical change or not ( a chemical change)?

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