How did geography shape the lives of the people of ANCIENT GREECE?

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Presentation transcript:

How did geography shape the lives of the people of ANCIENT GREECE?

Geography and the POLIS Geography not conducive to unification: Mountains Islands Both isolate and protect, but do not allow for too much cultural diffusion –As a result….. POLIS= city-state develops

Ancient Greece Ancient Greek Kingdoms ( B.C.) MINOAN : Crete THERA – island off the coast of Crete thought to be “lost city” of Atlantis Volcanic eruption destroyed most of the island MYCENAEAN: mainland Greece Trading kingdoms Later went to war over trade routes Mycenaean civilization takes over Minoan

Knossos, Crete Throne Room

Athens v. Sparta Which city-state had a way of life more similar to our own?

Mainland Greece was divided into city-states: ATHENS & SPARTA Were the two strongest city-states

Athens vs. Sparta ATHENS Direct Democracy Individual was important Women didn’t have rights Art, literature, theater important to people Focus on CULTURE OPEN SOCIETY SPARTA Oligarchy w/ two kings Individual served the state Women had many rights Militaristic society, army was important to people Focus on WAR CLOSED SOCIETY

m/news/history-lists/8- reasons-it-wasnt-easy- being-spartan m/topics/ancient- history/peloponnesian -war/videos/greek- gods?m=528e394da93 ae&s=undefined&f=1 &free=false XTrwhYro

WARS OF ANCIENT GREECE PERSIAN WARS BC PERSIA vs. GREECE ALL CITY-STATES UNITE TO CONQUER FOREIGN ENEMY BATTLES OF : MARATHON THERMOPYLAE GREEK VICTORY! PELOPONNESIAN WAR:431 – 404 BC - Athenian leader: Pericles ( plague kills off Pericles ) - WAR BETWEEN ATHENS & SPARTA - SURPRISE! Sparta forms alliance with Persia = SPARTAN VICTORY

“A house divided cannot stand.” - Abraham Lincoln Peloponnesian War which is a CIVIL WAR divides Greece weakened from war Greece is target for…. Philip of Macedonia (north of Greece) Conquers Greece by the 4 th century BC Following Philip’s death, his son, ALEXANDER the GREAT takes over….

CONTRIBUTIONS Despite the wars…. GREEK GOLDEN AGE in 5 th century BC WHAT IS A GOLDEN AGE? DEVELOPMENTS IN ART: classical sculpture is emulated everywhere ARCHITECTURE: columns, pediments, theaters The Parthenon in Athens, Greece greece/videos/deconstructing-history-the-acropolis

How does ancient Greek philosophy and democracy impact our own culture?

PHILOSOPHY PHILOSOPHER = lover of wisdom Three philosophers to know: SOCRATES ( BC) PLATO ( BC ARISTOTLE ( BC)

Was the death of Socrates justified?

DEMOCRACY DIRECT DEMOCRACY ATHENS, GREECE CITIZENS PARTICIPATES IN GOVERNMENT

What is the best form of government? MONARCHY RULE BE A KING ARTISTOCRACY STATE RULED BY NOBILITY OLIGARCHY STATE RULED BY SMALL GROUP DIRECT DEMOCRACY STATE RULED BY ITS CITIZENS

Remember….. After the Peloponnesian War Greece is divided – splintered into pieces This makes Greece vulnerable to invasion Philip of Macedon will invade Greece in the 4 th century B.C.E.

The Macedonian Empire Macedonia was a growing power north of Greece

What’s so Great about Alexander? Taught by Aristotle Empire extends from Greece to India Blended the cultures he conquered to create HELLENISTIC CULTURE Persian Indian Greek Egyptian

What happened to Alexander’s Empire ? Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. at the age of 33. His last words: “to the strongest” His empire was divided up by his four strongest generals A new power was well on the rise: ROME