1 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, 2003. Learning Objectives: 1.Understand the key principles in sampling. 2.Appreciate.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Sampling: Theory and Methods
Advertisements

BASIC SAMPLING ISSUES Nur ÖZKAN Tuğba TURA.
SAMPLING.
© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
MKTG 3342 Fall 2008 Professor Edward Fox
Discussion Sampling Methods
MISUNDERSTOOD AND MISUSED
Sampling.
7-1 Chapter Seven SAMPLING DESIGN. 7-2 Sampling What is it? –Drawing a conclusion about the entire population from selection of limited elements in a.
Determining the Sample Plan
Sampling ADV 3500 Fall 2007 Chunsik Lee. A sample is some part of a larger body specifically selected to represent the whole. Sampling is the process.
Sampling Procedures and sample size determination.
Sampling Moazzam Ali.
Sampling Designs and Sampling Procedures
Sampling: Design and Procedures
McGraw-Hill/Irwin McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Learning Objective Chapter 11 Basic Sampling Issues CHAPTER eleven Basic Sampling Issues Copyright © 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
University of Central Florida
MGT-491 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FOR MANAGEMENT OSMAN BIN SAIF Session 13.
Sampling January 9, Cardinal Rule of Sampling Never sample on the dependent variable! –Example: if you are interested in studying factors that lead.
Sampling: Theory and Methods
CHAPTER 12 – SAMPLING DESIGNS AND SAMPLING PROCEDURES Zikmund & Babin Essentials of Marketing Research – 5 th Edition © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights.
Sampling Methods in Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Chap 20-1 Statistics for Business and Economics, 6e © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 20 Sampling: Additional Topics in Sampling Statistics for Business.
7-1 Chapter Seven SAMPLING DESIGN. 7-2 Selection of Elements Population Element the individual subject on which the measurement is taken; e.g., the population.
Introducing Communication Research 2e © 2014 SAGE Publications Chapter Eight Sampling: Who, What and How Many?
CHAPTER 12 DETERMINING THE SAMPLE PLAN. Important Topics of This Chapter Differences between population and sample. Sampling frame and frame error. Developing.
Sampling Methods.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,All Rights Reserved. Part Two THE DESIGN OF RESEARCH.
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Population and sample. Population: are complete sets of people or objects or events that posses some common characteristic of interest to the researcher.
Lecture 9 Prof. Development and Research Lecturer: R. Milyankova
McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,All Rights Reserved. Part Two THE DESIGN OF RESEARCH.
Tahir Mahmood Lecturer Department of Statistics. Outlines: E xplain the role of sampling in the research process D istinguish between probability and.
Business Project Nicos Rodosthenous PhD 04/11/ /11/20141Dr Nicos Rodosthenous.
Learning Objectives Explain the role of sampling in the research process Distinguish between probability and nonprobability sampling Understand the factors.
Sampling Design and Procedures 7 th Session of Marketing Reseach.
The Sampling Design. Sampling Design Selection of Elements –The basic idea of sampling is that by selecting some of the elements in a population, we may.
7: Sampling Theory and Methods. 7-2 Copyright © 2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Hair/Wolfinbarger/Ortinau/Bush, Essentials.
Chapter Eleven Sampling: Design and Procedures Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
Chapter 6: 1 Sampling. Introduction Sampling - the process of selecting observations Often not possible to collect information from all persons or other.
Chapter 10 Sampling: Theories, Designs and Plans.
Chapter Ten Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Sampling Issues.
2-1 Sample Design. Sample Subset of a larger population Population Any complete group People Sales people Stores Students Teachers.
Essentials of Marketing Research Chapter 12: Sampling Designs and Sampling Procedures.
 When every unit of the population is examined. This is known as Census method.  On the other hand when a small group selected as representatives of.
CHAPTER 7, THE LOGIC OF SAMPLING. Chapter Outline  A Brief History of Sampling  Nonprobability Sampling  The Theory and Logic of Probability Sampling.
Copyright © 2011, 2005, 1998, 1993 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 13: Boundary Setting in Experimental-Type Designs A deductive.
Sampling. Census and Sample (defined) A census is based on every member of the population of interest in a research project A sample is a subset of the.
Sampling Design and Procedure
Sampling Chapter 5. Introduction Sampling The process of drawing a number of individual cases from a larger population A way to learn about a larger population.
Chapter Eleven Sampling: Design and Procedures © 2007 Prentice Hall 11-1.
Institute of Professional Studies School of Research and Graduate Studies Selecting Samples and Negotiating Access Lecture Eight.
Sampling Chapter 5.
Sampling.
Part Two THE DESIGN OF RESEARCH
Sampling Designs and Sampling Procedures
Graduate School of Business Leadership
Developing the Sampling Plan
Population and samples
SAMPLE DESIGN.
Meeting-6 SAMPLING DESIGN
Sampling: Design and Procedures
Sampling: Theory and Methods
محيط پژوهش محيط پژوهش كه قلمرو مكاني نيز ناميده مي شود عبارت است از مكاني كه نمونه هاي آماري مورد مطالعه از آنجا گرفته مي شود .
Welcome.
Sampling Design.
Sampling Methods.
BUSINESS MARKET RESEARCH
Presentation transcript:

1 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, Learning Objectives: 1.Understand the key principles in sampling. 2.Appreciate the difference between the target population and the sampling frame. 3.Recognize the difference between probability and non-probability sampling. 4.Describe the different sampling methods. 5.Determine the appropriate sample size. Sampling Approaches and Considerations Chapter 8

2 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, Go On-Line A sample is a relatively small subset of the population that is selected to be representative of the population’s characteristics. A census involves collecting data from all members of a population. Sampling vs. Census ? Sampling vs. Census ?

3 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, Sampling Design Process The sampling design process involves answering three questions: 1.Should a sample or a census be used? 2.If a sample, then which sampling approach is best? 3.How large a sample is necessary?

4 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, Steps to follow: To obtain a representative sample Define the target population. 2. Choose the sampling frame. 3. Select the sampling method. 4. Determine the sample size. 5. Implement the sampling plan.

5 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, Representative Sample A representative sample mirrors the characteristics of the population and minimizes the errors associated with sampling.

6 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, the complete group of objects or elements relevant to the research project. They are relevant because they possess the information the research project is designed to collect. Target Population

7 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, elements or objects available for selection during the sampling process are known as the sampling unit. Sampling Unit

8 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, as complete a list as possible of all the elements in the population from which the sample is drawn. Sampling Frame

9 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, The sampling frame often is flawed because... It may not be up to date. It may include elements that do not belong to the target population. It may not include elements that do belong to the target population. It may be compiled from multiple lists and contain duplicate elements.

10 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, Go On-Line Non-Probability Probability Sampling Methods Sampling Methods

11 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, Go On-Line Probability vs. Non-Probability Sampling Non-Probability = not every element of the target population has a chance of being selected because the inclusion or exclusion of elements in a sample is left to the discretion of the researcher. Probability = each element of the population has a known, but not necessarily equal, probability of being selected in a sample.

12 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, Types of Sampling Methods Probability Simple Random Systematic Stratified Cluster Multi-Stage Non-Probability Convenience Judgment Snowball/Referral Quota

13 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, a sampling method in which each element of the population has an equal probability of being selected. Simple Random Sampling

14 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, Systematic Sampling... a process that involves randomly selecting an initial starting point on a list, and thereafter every n th element in the sampling frame.

15 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, requires the researcher to partition the target population into relatively homogeneous subgroups that are distinct and non- overlapping. Stratified Sampling

16 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, Two Types of Stratified Sampling Disproportionate = the number of elements chosen from each of the strata is not based on the size of the stratum relative to the target population size, but rather is based either on the importance of a particular stratum or its variability. Proportionate = the number of elements chosen from each of the strata is proportionate to the size of a particular strata relative to the overall sample size.

17 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, Cluster Sampling... a form of probability sampling in which the relatively homogeneous individual clusters where sampling occurs are chosen randomly and not all clusters are sampled.

18 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, Multi-Stage Cluster Sampling Cluster sampling involves dividing the population into clusters and randomly selecting a pre-specified number of clusters and then either collecting information from all the elements in each cluster or a random sample. With multi- stage cluster sampling the same process is completed two or more times.

19 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, Convenience Sampling... involves selecting sample elements that are most readily available to participate in the study and who can provide the required information.

20 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, Judgment Sampling... a form of convenience sampling, sometimes referred to as a purposive sample, in which the researcher’s judgment is used to select the sample elements.

21 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, similar to proportionately stratified random sampling but the selection of the elements from the strata is done on a convenience basis. Quota Sampling

22 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, also called a referral sample, the initial respondents typically are chosen using probability methods and these respondents then identify others in the target population. Snowball Sampling

23 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, Determining sample size involves achieving a balance between several factors: The variability of elements in the target population. The type of sample required. Time available. Budget. Required estimation precision. Whether findings will be generalized.

24 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, Three decisions to make when statistical formulas are used to determine sample size: 1. The degree of confidence (often 95%). 2. The specified level of precision (amount of acceptable error). 3. The amount of variability (population homogeneity).

25 Hair, Babin, Money & Samouel, Essentials of Business Research, Wiley, Sampling Approaches and Considerations Go On-Line How would this website be useful to business researchers?