APUSH – October, 4 th Objectives: Objectives: –To demonstrate your understanding of the two readings –To apply your previous knowledge of colonial America to your readings –To re-familiarize yourself with religion in the colonies Homework: Homework: –Essay 1 due tonight by 11:59pm –Study for the unit 1 exam (Wed) –Notebook check – Wed –DHL chapters 2 and 3 - Friday

APUSH – October, 4 th Agenda: Agenda: –Reading quiz –Group discussion on readings –Religion in the colonies review

Reading Quiz Franklin names 13 virtues: list three of them for me. Franklin names 13 virtues: list three of them for me. Franklin devised a system for developing these virtues. Describe, in general terms, what he did to help himself learn these virtues. Franklin devised a system for developing these virtues. Describe, in general terms, what he did to help himself learn these virtues. In the Beginning of his epistle Crevecoeur compares people to what? In the Beginning of his epistle Crevecoeur compares people to what? He goes on to describe America as a what? He goes on to describe America as a what?

Ben Franklin Are humans perfectible? Are humans perfectible? Would this system work? Would you use it, if it did? Would this system work? Would you use it, if it did? Look at Franklin's list of moral virtues: are some of these virtues questionable? Are any missing? Look at Franklin's list of moral virtues: are some of these virtues questionable? Are any missing? How does this approach compare to Puritan ideals? How does this approach compare to Puritan ideals? How might it change America's view of humans, given enough time to develop? How might it change America's view of humans, given enough time to develop? Do we believe Franklin when he says he had accomplished all of them but Order? Do we believe Franklin when he says he had accomplished all of them but Order?

Crevecoeur He talks about a "metamorphosis" undergone by the people who came to America...is this accurate? He talks about a "metamorphosis" undergone by the people who came to America...is this accurate? Towards the end of this selection, Crevecoeur says "this is an American"--is his description accurate? Towards the end of this selection, Crevecoeur says "this is an American"--is his description accurate?

: Pilgrims arrive at Plymouth 1656: Quakers arrive in Pennsylvania : Salem witch trials Century to come: Great Awakening 1649: Maryland Toleration Act

CHARACTERISTICS OF RELIGION in the Colonies Motives Motives Colonial religion part of the continuing debate dating from the Reformation Colonial religion part of the continuing debate dating from the Reformation Puritanism Puritanism church and state church and state Overwhelmingly Protestant Overwhelmingly Protestant

Continuing debate from Reformation Issues: role of ministers, number of sacraments, organization of the church, liturgical service, hierarchy, Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Quakers, antinomianism, Arminianism Issues: role of ministers, number of sacraments, organization of the church, liturgical service, hierarchy, Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Quakers, antinomianism, Arminianism Changes in England: Bishop Laud, Charles I, 39 Articles, Civil War, Levellers, Puritan Commonwealth, Test Act (1673), Toleration Act (1689), Glorious Revolution Changes in England: Bishop Laud, Charles I, 39 Articles, Civil War, Levellers, Puritan Commonwealth, Test Act (1673), Toleration Act (1689), Glorious Revolution

Influence of Puritanism Source of significant ideas: Source of significant ideas: –education for Bible Reading –founding of Harvard to educate ministers –higher law & moral codes Covenant theology: Covenant theology: –boost to the idea of a covenant between government and the governed “city on a hill” – an example of a sense of mission “city on a hill” – an example of a sense of mission

Freedom from religious persecution, not religious freedom Pennsylvania: 1682: Quakers: Wm. Penn Pennsylvania: 1682: Quakers: Wm. Penn Rhode Island: Roger Williams Rhode Island: Roger Williams –Exile –Relations with tribes Maryland: Lord Baltimore: Catholic Maryland: Lord Baltimore: Catholic SC and NJ experiments SC and NJ experiments French Huguenots French Huguenots Catholic Spain and France Catholic Spain and France Established churches in 9 colonies (tax supported) Established churches in 9 colonies (tax supported) –Anglican: NY, Md, Va, NC, SC, Ga –Congregational: Mass., Conn, NH –Quakers: Pa

Union of Church & State: Backlash Fear of tyranny Fear of tyranny – church and state –SPG (Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts) seen as a conspiracy Examples: Examples: –Roger Williams –Anne Hutchinson –Mary Dyer – Quaker

People Roger Williams AnneHutchinson Mary Dyer Mary Dyer /b/b8/Anne_Hutchinson_on_Trial.jpg

America Overwhelmingly Protestant 1775: 1775: –3142 church buildings – only 56 Catholic, 5 Jewish –More than 98% Protestant (USA now more than 20% Catholic, 3% Jewish) Called the “Penal Period” by Catholic historians Called the “Penal Period” by Catholic historians –All colonies had anti- Catholic laws at one time

CHANGES during the Colonial Period Multitude of religions Multitude of religions Calvinism influential Calvinism influential Energized by Great Awakening Energized by Great Awakening Many unchurched Many unchurched Religions contributed to rise of political liberty Religions contributed to rise of political liberty 4 largest: 4 largest: –Congregational – 21% –Presbyterian – 19% –Anglican – 16% –Baptist – 16%

Influence of Calvin Emphasis on evangelical Calvinism: Emphasis on evangelical Calvinism: Emphasis on the individual’s direct relationship with God rather than the church’s corporate one Emphasis on the individual’s direct relationship with God rather than the church’s corporate one Emphasis on emotion, not doctrine Emphasis on emotion, not doctrine

Influence of Great Awakening 1730s-40s Reinvigorated Calvinistic influence Reinvigorated Calvinistic influence Missionaries to Westerners and Indians Missionaries to Westerners and Indians In-Fighting In-Fighting –Old Lights vs. New Lights Colleges established to train ministers Colleges established to train ministers –Princeton –King’s College – Columbia –RI College – Brown –Queens College – Rutgers –-Dartmouth College

Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield

Many unchurched or Deists Many never attended Many never attended –1776: Philadelphia –Few churches or missionaries in backwoods areas –Deism Religion or philosophy that sees God reflected in nature and known through reason and personal reflection, or unknowable Religion or philosophy that sees God reflected in nature and known through reason and personal reflection, or unknowable Generally rejects supernatural events or divine interference in human life Generally rejects supernatural events or divine interference in human life Generally rejects organized religion

Contribution to Political Liberty: James I: “No bishop, no king” – attack on the church was attack on the crown James I: “No bishop, no king” – attack on the church was attack on the crown Concept of natural laws, natural rights fed by deism Concept of natural laws, natural rights fed by deism Weak church organization and control spurred individualism (Calvin’s emphasis on individual) Weak church organization and control spurred individualism (Calvin’s emphasis on individual) Disestablishment came only because it proved too difficult to establish a single church: they tried! Disestablishment came only because it proved too difficult to establish a single church: they tried! Separation of church and state Separation of church and state –Religious freedom was not the original desire –For example: Maryland act of toleration

Colonial Maps Maryland: Catholic (1649: Toleration Act) Maryland: Catholic (1649: Toleration Act) Massachusetts Bay: Puritan Massachusetts Bay: Puritan Pennsylvania: tolerant Pennsylvania: tolerant Plymouth: Puritan Plymouth: Puritan Rhode Island: tolerant Rhode Island: tolerant Virginia: Church of England Virginia: Church of England Spanish Florida: Catholic Spanish Florida: Catholic New France (lower Canada): Catholic New France (lower Canada): Catholic (later) Upper Canada: Church of England (later) Upper Canada: Church of England

Resources used: Becker, Bruce, notes. Becker, Bruce, notes. Brewer, Jaques, Jones, and King. “Religion in Colonial America.” viewed Sept. 21, 2007 Brewer, Jaques, Jones, and King. “Religion in Colonial America.” viewed Sept. 21, “Religion and the Founding of the American Republic”, Library of Congress. viewed 21 Sept 07 “Religion and the Founding of the American Republic”, Library of Congress. viewed 21 Sept 07http:// “Gilbert Tennent”, “Gilbert Tennent”,

People, cont. John Winthrop Long-time governor of Massachusetts Bay colony Long-time governor of Massachusetts Bay colony Led colony in Pequot War Led colony in Pequot War Thought Indians were degraded civilization, alienated from God Thought Indians were degraded civilization, alienated from God

People, cont. Boston pastor Boston pastor “Wonders of the Invisible World” “Wonders of the Invisible World” Defended use of spectral evidence, belief in witches and evil powers Defended use of spectral evidence, belief in witches and evil powers Cotton Mather Proprietor of Penn’s Woods (Pennsylvania) Proprietor of Penn’s Woods (Pennsylvania) Established religious toleration Established religious toleration Women’s rights and rights of minority races Women’s rights and rights of minority races Written guarantee of rights Written guarantee of rights William Penn

People, cont. George Whitefield Preacher during “Great Awakening” Preacher during “Great Awakening” Also credited as founder of Methodism, with John and Charles Wesley – but kept predestination Also credited as founder of Methodism, with John and Charles Wesley – but kept predestination evangelist evangelist Mary Dyer 1660: Puritan who converted to Quakerism, and was hanged for defying Boston’s law forbidding Quakers in the colony 1660: Puritan who converted to Quakerism, and was hanged for defying Boston’s law forbidding Quakers in the colony Had met Anne Hutchinson Had met Anne Hutchinson Considered only woman in USA to die for religious freedom Considered only woman in USA to die for religious freedom

People, cont. Gilbert Tennent Presbyterian Presbyterian Revivalist leader during the “Great Awakening” Revivalist leader during the “Great Awakening” Went on evangelical tour of England Went on evangelical tour of England John Wesley Preached in both UK and the New World Preached in both UK and the New World Founder of Methodism Founder of Methodism Active social reformer Active social reformer Followers called “Methodists” because of their methodical method of study Followers called “Methodists” because of their methodical method of study

People Roger Williams AnneHutchinson Antinomianism Antinomianism –Belief that “child of God” need not be restrained by civil or other law Exiled from Plymouth Exiled from Plymouth Death at hands of Indians was taken to be divine retribution Death at hands of Indians was taken to be divine retribution /b/b8/Anne_Hutchinson_on_Trial.jpg Kicked out of Mass. Bay Kicked out of Mass. Bay Founded RI Founded RI Religious Freedom Religious Freedom Treatment of Native Americans Treatment of Native Americans

Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield Methodist Preacher Methodist Preacher Revivalist Revivalist “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” Preached during “Great Awakening” Preached during “Great Awakening” Foe of the “halfway covenant” Foe of the “halfway covenant”