Qing Dynasty entered long period of decline Two late 1700’s developments that had major effects on China’s relations with the West. Qing Dynasty entered long period of decline Slow to modernize Lose of land to foreigners, high taxes, increasing peasant population, limited land, food shortages, corruption, civil service examine archaic Industrial Revolution (Europe): British East Indian Co. Military superiority to challenge the Chinese

Describe differences between Gentry & Peasants no physical labor government officials time and wealth to support the arts physical labor little to do with how nation was ruled poor and most of their day working

Organization of Social Classes Gentry Peasants Artisans Merchants Soldiers

Key Vocab From Section 5 Guomindang Kowtow Low bow to show respect Extraterritoriality principle of allowing westerners accused of a crime in China to be tried in special, western-run courts instead of Chinese courts Sphere of influence area of a country in which a foreign nation has special economic privileges and political influence; form of imperialism Long March Communist retreat led by Mao from southeastern China to Shaanxi as they fled from Chiang’s armies in 1934 to regroup and plan for the future Nationalist attempt to get rid of Communists Three Principles of the People Sun Yatsens’s goals for China that called for nationalism, democracy, and a decent living for all Chinese people Guomindang Chinese Nationalist Party

Section 5: People Chiang Kai-shek took over as leader of the Guomindang after Sun Yatsen’s death in 1925 and, by 1928, brought China under Guomindang control Sun Yatsen the founder of the Guomindang and considered the father of modern China Mao Zedong the late 1920’s and 1930’s, he emerged as the leader of the Chinese Communist Party

Wars/Revolutions Taiping Revolution the most serious peasant uprising against the Qing Dynasty; lasted 14 years and resulted in more than 50 million deaths Boxer Rebellion a rebellion by anti-foreign Chinese who wanted to expel all foreigners resulted in foreign troops on Chinese soil Opium Wars Anti-foreign, opened China to the West Treaty of Nanjing: ends Opium War Revolution of 1911 refers to the ending of dynastic rule in China and its declaration as a republic