RNA & Protein Synthesis.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
MOLECULAR GENETICS. DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid James Watson and Francis Crick discover the structure of the DNA molecule DNA is a double helix (twisted.
Advertisements

DNA Proteins are found in all ________ ________ Are species specific/ individual specific (transplant rejections) Importance of DNA Chromosome: DNA + ____.
Transcription & Translation Biology 6(C). Learning Objectives Describe how DNA is used to make protein Explain process of transcription Explain process.
DNA as the genetic code.
RNA Transcription.
DNA Replication.
12-3: RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Biology 2. DNA double helix structure explains how DNA can be copied, but not how genes work GENES: sequence of DNA that.
DNA Biology Lab 11. Nucleic Acids  DNA and RNA both built of nucleotides containing Sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) Nitrogenous base (ATCG or AUCG) Phosphate.
Chapter 11 DNA and Genes. Proteins Form structures and control chemical reactions in cells. Polymers of amino acids. Coded for by specific sequences of.
RNA Ribonucleic acid single stranded also made of nucleotides.
NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. QUESTION 1 DNA.
Protein Synthesis Chapter 13. Protein Synthesis  How does your DNA eventually lead to your different phenotypes (hair color, eye color, etc)
Mrs. Degl Molecular Genetics DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a.
DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation Structure of DNA and RNA DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acids are nucleotides made of: –Base pairs (Adenine, Thymine,
D.N.A. DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
How Genes Work. Structure of DNA DNA is composed of subunits – nucleotides Three parts Deoxyribose (5-carbon sugar) Phosphate group Nitrogen base – 2.
DNA and RNA Objectives: 8.0 Identify the structure and function of DNA, RNA, and protein. 8.1 Explaining relationships among DNA, genes, and chromosomes.
Transcription & Translation Chapter 17 (in brief) Biology – Campbell Reece.
RNA and Protein Synthesis
3 types:  mRNA – used in transcription  tRNA – used in translation  rRNA – makes up ribosomes Composed of nucleotides  5 carbon sugar = ribose  phosphate.
RNARNA. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS The BIG Picture……. Objective: By the end of class today students will be able to change a DNA sequence into an PROTIEN sequence.
One gene=one protein RNA & Protein Synthesis. Genetic Code -Universal All living organisms have the same four nucleotides- A, C, T, & G Central Dogma:
RNA Structure and Protein Synthesis Chapter 10, pg
Structure of RNA  Structure  Nucleic acid made up of nucleotides  composed of Ribose, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base  Nitrogenous bases  Adenine.
RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
What is central dogma? From DNA to Protein
DNA Transcription & Protein Translation. DNA Transcription DNA must be copied to messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus mRNA travels from nucleus to the.
Structure and functions of RNA. RNA is single stranded, contains uracil instead of thymine and ribose instead of deoxyribose sugar. mRNA carries a copy.
Chapter 13 –RNA and Protein Synthesis
Lesson Overview Lesson OverviewFermentation Objectives 13.1 RNA -Contrast RNA and DNA. -Explain the process of transcription.
Chapter 15: Protein Synthesis
DNA, RNA and PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. WHAT MAKES UP DNA? IT IS A MOLECULE COMPOSED OF CHEMICAL SUBUNITS CALLED NUCLEOTIDES.
Gene Expression Gene: contains the recipe for a protein 1. is a specific region of DNA on a chromosome 2. codes for a specific mRNA.
THE NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA & RNA. DNA-DeoxyriboNucleic Acid  DNA is the genetic material present in chromosomes  Made up of monomers called “nucleotides”
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Review. Cell organelle where ______________ proteins are made Copying DNA _________________ G roup of 3 nucleotides _____________ in.
DNA Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid – is the information code to make an organism and controls the activities of the cell. –Mitosis copies this code so that all.
Do you know what this is?. DNA Stands for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid It is a long molecule called a polymer Shape: double helix.
Placed on the same page as your notes Warm-up pg. 48 Complete the complementary strand of DNA A T G A C G A C T Diagram 1 A T G A C G A C T T A A C T G.
Molecules to Eye Color DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis.
RNA and Protein Synthesis. RNA Structure n Like DNA- Nucleic acid- composed of a long chain of nucleotides (5-carbon sugar + phosphate group + 4 different.
Protein Synthesis Making Proteins from DNA. DNA & the Nucleus DNA cannot leave the nucleus! So how can we get the information for making proteins out.
From DNA to Protein. DNA Review Nucleic acid Double helix Two strands of nucleotides Phosphate-sugar backbone Nitrogenous base steps Adenine Guanine Cytosine.
Molecules to Eye Color DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis.
DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis. A. DNA and the Genetic Code 1. DNA controls the production of proteins by the order of the nucleotides.
Nucleic Acids Include DNA and RNA Function to carry coded information The code controls the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide i.e. the primary structure.
Chapter 13 From DNA to Proteins
RNA and Protein Synthesis
DNA Structrue & Function
Nucleic Acid and Protein Synthesis
RNA Ribonucleic Acid Single-stranded
(3) Gene Expression Gene Expression (A) What is Gene Expression?
DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis
Gene Expression Gene: contains the recipe for a protein
Biology Unit 4 Notes: RNA & Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis Genetics.
Protein Synthesis.
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
RNA.
Nucleotide.
RNA
DNA & Protein Synthesis
The nucleus is the 'command center' of the cell
RNA and Transcription DNA RNA PROTEIN.
Bellwork What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide?
12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis
7.3 RNA and Protein Synthesis
Replication, Transcription, Translation
Transcription and Translation
Transcription & Translation
RNA.
Presentation transcript:

RNA & Protein Synthesis

DNA Review The structure of DNA is a double helix, which is similar to a “twisted ladder.” It’s structure consists of a 5 carbon sugar called (deoxyribose), a phosphate group and one of four nitrogen bases (Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine or Guanine). The nitrogen bases hold the codes for proteins which determine our genetic traits.

RNA The structure of RNA is a single strand nucleic acid involved in the making or proteins or Protein Synthesis. It’s structure is made up of a 5 carbon sugar called Ribose, a phosphate group and one of four nitrogen bases (Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Uracil (takes the place of Thymine and pairs to Adenine)

There are 3 types of RNA: mRNA – messenger RNA which is the transcriber. tRNA - transfer RNA which is the transfer of amino acids and translator. rRNA – ribosomal RNA which helps make up part of the Ribosomes.

Important Vocabulary Terms DNA Triplet: a 3 base section of DNA that carries the code for specific amino acids to make a protein. Codon: a 3 base section mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid (ex: AUG – start codon). Anticodon: a 3 base section of tRNA that complementary to mRNA (ex: UAC) and carries the amino acid.

Protein Synthesis Process by which an organism’s genetic code (DNA) is translated into protein.

Two steps of Protein Synthesis

Info from DNA copied to a strand of mRNA Step 1: Transcription: Info from DNA copied to a strand of mRNA writes

Info from mRNA used to form amino acid chains (protein) Step 2: Translation: Info from mRNA used to form amino acid chains (protein) reads

Building RNA - Transcription DNA must first unwind. 2. RNA Polymerase, an enzyme, separates strands of DNA exposing the nitrogen base pairs.

3. RNA Polymerase then matches RNA nucleotides with one side of the DNA template. NO “T” A U C G In RNA, A bonds with T (on DNA strand), but U bonds with A (on RNA strand)

4. The mRNA is then spliced because DNA also carries information that does NOT code for proteins. The spliced portion is called an Exon because this is the region of DNA that codes for protein & will exit nucleus The Intron is the noncoding region of DNA that does NOT code for proteins and is spliced out and remains in the nucleus

5. The spliced mRNA leaves the nucleus & attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. rRNA

Translation: the building of proteins by using the information from mRNA. 1. mRNA strand attaches to the ribosome and is used to translate into a protein. 2. tRNA molecules transfer amino acids to the ribosomes. 3. As tRNA bases pair up with mRNA, it leaves amino acids which are used to form the protein chain.

REVIEW: What are 3 differences between DNA and RNA? DNA is double stranded RNA is single stranded DNA has Thymine RNA has Uracil DNA has Deoxyribose sugar RNA has Ribose sugar