Ch. 15 Sec. 4 The Catholic Reformation

The Counter Reformation In 1530’s the Catholic Church began a major reform effort known as the Counter-Reformation In 1530’s the Catholic Church began a major reform effort known as the Counter-Reformation – an attempt to return the church to an emphasis on spiritual matters First, Pope Paul III appointed devout & learned men as bishops & cardinals

Second, he tried to combat heresy by bringing the Inquisition to Rome Second, he tried to combat heresy by bringing the Inquisition to Rome Third, Pope Paul IV tried to eliminate heresy by establishing a list of books that Catholics were forbidden to read (considered harmful to faith & morals) Third, Pope Paul IV tried to eliminate heresy by establishing a list of books that Catholics were forbidden to read (considered harmful to faith & morals) Another effort to combat Protestantism involved clarifying the Catholic doctrines on which authorities often disagreed Another effort to combat Protestantism involved clarifying the Catholic doctrines on which authorities often disagreed

Pope Paul III called the Council of Trent, an assembly of church leaders who met in the mid-1500s to clearly define official Catholic doctrines Pope Paul III called the Council of Trent, an assembly of church leaders who met in the mid-1500s to clearly define official Catholic doctrines 1. ended abuses in selling indulgences & tightened discipline w/in the clergy 1. ended abuses in selling indulgences & tightened discipline w/in the clergy 2. confirmed most Catholic beliefs that Protestants had rejected 2. confirmed most Catholic beliefs that Protestants had rejected 3. emphasized the need for ceremonies & worshipping God w/ splendor 3. emphasized the need for ceremonies & worshipping God w/ splendor

4. declared that priests were important bcuz God granted forgiveness only through the church 4. declared that priests were important bcuz God granted forgiveness only through the church 5. claimed that salvation came from ceremonial church actions as well as from faith 5. claimed that salvation came from ceremonial church actions as well as from faith To strengthen support for church, Catholic religious orders reformed their rules, & new orders formed To strengthen support for church, Catholic religious orders reformed their rules, & new orders formed

In 1534 Ignatius de Loyola founded an order called the society of Jesus – Jesuits In 1534 Ignatius de Loyola founded an order called the society of Jesus – Jesuits Followers took vows of poverty & obedience to the pope Loyola organized the Jesuits like a military body, w/ discipline & strict obedience Jesuits quickly became effective agents in spreading Catholicism

Missions went as far as China Missions went as far as China In Europe their preaching slowed the spread of Protestantism In Europe their preaching slowed the spread of Protestantism Jesuits stressed education; founding some of the best colleges in Europe Jesuits stressed education; founding some of the best colleges in Europe They combined humanist values w/ Catholic doctrine to produce educated, dedicated supporters of the church They combined humanist values w/ Catholic doctrine to produce educated, dedicated supporters of the church

Results of the Religious Upheaval More than a century of religious wars The existence of many different churches in Europe An increased emphasis on education Jesuits & other orders worked to strengthen the faith of Catholics in their schools

Protestants emphasized teaching reading so that people could study the Bible Protestants emphasized teaching reading so that people could study the Bible The Reformation increased the power of national gov’ts & decreased the power of the pope The Reformation increased the power of national gov’ts & decreased the power of the pope Many rulers in both Protestant & Catholic regions gained some degree of control over their churches Many rulers in both Protestant & Catholic regions gained some degree of control over their churches