Body Systems Everything I do I do it for you!

Cells-Tissues-Organs-Body Systems C. Groups of cells which perform similar functions form tissues. D. Tissues are then organized into sets to form whole organs. E. When organs work together to perform specific tasks, they are called body systems.

How Do Cells Work? 1. A cell is a self contained living unit which depends on the body to supply its needs. 2. Every cell works in cooperation with each other to support the whole body. 3. The cell’s genes provide the blueprint for what the cell will specifically do. 4. The genes are contained in the cell’s nucleus and are bound as chromosomes.

1) Integumentary System n Includes your skin, hair, nails and sweat glands n Skin is the primary organ in this system and is the largest organ in your body. n Serves to waterproof and protect your body, sensory, temp. regulation and vitamin D production (in-teg-u-men-ta-ry)

2) Skeletal System n Made up of bones, ligaments and tendons n Works with the muscular system to produce movement n Bones release minerals into the blood when they are needed by other body systems and produces white and red blood cells.

3) Muscular System n Made up of muscles n Muscles respond to messages from the nervous system. n Works with the skeletal system to produce movement

4) Nervous System n Made up of nerve cells n Communicates with all other body systems n Directs activities of all the systems and receives information about the conditions in all other systems.

5) Digestive System n Made up of teeth, mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine and rectum n Breaks down food into nutrients n Delivers nutrients to the circulatory system

6) Circulatory System n Made up of the heart and blood vessels n Pumps blood and carries oxygen and nutrients to all other systems n It cleanses the systems of their wastes n Carries messages to the hormonal system n Cells are made in the skeletal system

7) Urinary System n Made up of kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra n Works with the circulatory system to maintain fluid and chemical balance in the body n Filters cellular waste out of the blood into the urine for removal

8) Respiratory System n Made up of structures in the nose and mouth, trachea, lungs and diaphragm n Delivers oxygen to the circulatory system and removes carbon dioxide n Responds to nervous system to perform it’s tasks

9) Immune System n Made up of structures in your blood n Protects all other body systems from infection n Cells travel through the circulatory system and through all body tissues

10) Hormonal/Endocrine System n Communicates with many body systems to direct their activities n Monitors the blood for indicators of body conditions n Receives information and directions from the nervous system

11) Reproductive System n Works with nervous and hormonal systems to establish sex of each human being n Responds to nerves, hormones and muscles in creating new human beings

Define And/Or Recognize Examples Of Stress And Homeostasis

Homeostasis n Homeostasis is defined as a state of dynamic constancy which represents a state of well being, health or normality. n Examples of homeostasis include: a normal blood pH of 7.35 to 7.45, a normal blood glucose range of mg/100 ml of blood, or a normal blood pressure range of mmHg systolic to mmHg diastolic.

Stress n Stress is defined as some event or condition that disrupts homeostasis. n Examples of stress include disease, loss of negative feedback control, abnormal conditions such as hyperglycemia (high blood glucose), acidosis (excess hydrogen ions), etc.

Acid-Base Homeostasis n Carotid and aortic bodies in the neck and heart monitor hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the blood. If blood pH drops below 7.35 (acidosis), these receptors send signals to the medulla of the brain. n The medulla acts a controller to activate respiratory muscles. n The respiratory muscles act as effectors to increase breathing which raises pH.

Blood Glucose Homeostasis n If Blood glucose exceeds 120 mg%, the beta cell of the pancreas acts as a sensor and control center to evaluate the high blood glucose. The beta cell then releases insulin which acts an effector to increase blood glucose transfer into body cells. This process reduces blood glucose and corrects high blood glucose (hyperglycemia).