Organic Chemistry อ. สรชัย แซ่ลิ่ม ( อ. อ๊อด ) อ. สุภาวดี ศรีทาหาญ ( อ. หนึ่ง ) อ. สาโรจน์ บุญเส็ง ( อ. ป๊อบ )

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Hybridization *  must break the octet rule for the central atom.
Advertisements

Molecular Geometry.
Honors Chemistry Section 6.5.
Chapter 3: Acid-Base Chemistry Reaction Classification: Substitution: Addition: Elimination: Rearrangement: We’ll deal with these later…
Chemical Bonding Objectives: 1.describe the nature of a chemical bond and its relationship to valence electrons 2.compare ionic and covalent bonding 3.use.
Building Blocks 1d Int
Chapter 3 An Introduction to Organic Reactions: Acids and Bases
Intermolecular Forces Chemistry Mrs. Coyle. Intermolecular Forces The forces with which molecules attract each other.
Shapes and Polarity Vocabulary Polar covalent bond VSEPR model
Electronegativity and Polarity.  Describe how electronegativity is used to determine bond type.  Compare and contrast polar and nonpolar covalent bonds.
Created by C. Ippolito Dec 2006 Chemical Bonding Objectives: 1.describe the nature of a chemical bond and its relationship to valence electrons 2.compare.
Modern Chemistry Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding
Chapter 6: Bonding… Chemical Bonding  Describe covalent, ionic and metallic bonds  Classify bond type by electronegative difference  Explain why atoms.
Element Elements and Compounds Fundamental Concepts in Organic Reaction Mechanism Structure of Atom Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two.
Molecules. Objectives Write the electron dot structure for an atom. Explain how covalent bonds form molecules.
STUDYING THE INTERACTIONS OF MOLECULES
Covalent Bonding Molecular Compounds  Describe a covalent bond in terms of the difference in electronegativity of the atoms and the energy changes in.
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Fourth Edition Karen Timberlake 5.9 Attractive Forces in Compounds Chapter 5 Compounds and Their Bonds © 2013.
Chapter 1 An Introduction to Organic Reactions Nabila Al- Jaber
Lewis Structures, Molecular Geometry, Polarity, Intermolecular Forces Kelly Franks, Juliet Hurvich, Lauren Cunningham.
Crux of the Matter Unit 4 Chapters 7 and 8.
Ch-8 review.
Covalent Bonding Sharing of Electron Pairs: Non-metal with Non-metal Atoms.
Chapter 8 Covalent Bonding. Covalent bonds Atoms share their electrons When atoms share they create a molecule.
Inorganic Chemistry – Chemical Bonding. Chemical Bonding (1). When two or more atoms react ---  chemical bond – Valence electrons – Form Ionic bonds.
Chapter 2: Organic Compounds: A First Look Common Bonding Situations Hydrogen1 bond Carbon4 bonds (neutral and 8 electrons) Reactive Carbon Species.
COVALENT BONDING Chapter 16 AND THE SUBJECTS ARE… THE NAME IS BOND, COVALENT BOND SINGLES, DOUBLES & TRIPPPLES COORDINATE COVALENT BONDS RESONATE THIS!
Intermolecular Forces: relationships between molecules
Intermolecular and Intramolecular Forces Review. In the compound PCl 3, how many valence electrons are present?
Intermolecular Forces.  Intermolecular Forces – forces of attraction between molecules – act only between neighboring molecules  Boiling Point – good.
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding.
Polar Bonds and Molecules Notes. Bond Polarity The bonding pairs of electrons are pulled in a tug-of-war between the nuclei of the atoms sharing the electrons.
Intermolecular Forces By Peter Demkowicz. Why? Intermolecular Forces.
Functional Groups. Ether General formula: R-O-R or R-O-R’ where R or R’ may be an alkyl Name ends with ether.
CHEMICAL BONDING Chapter 6 – Sections – Pages
Chapter 9 Covalent Bonding. I. The Covalent Bond A. Why do atoms bond? When two atoms need to gain electrons, they can share electrons to acquire a noble-
Starter S-63 What is an ionic bond? What is a covalent bond?
TRIVIA Click for Question The strongest intermolecular force…. Hydrogen Bonding Click for: Answer and next Question.
What You Need to Know For Unit A: Bonding. General Outcome 1 Students will describe the role of modelling, evidence and theory in explaining and understanding.
What are Intermolecular forces? Intermolecular forces are weak forces of attraction between some covalent molecules. These attractions are responsible.
Polarity and Intermolecular Forces. NonpolarPolar Diatomic molecules.
Molecules. Objectives Write the electron dot structure for an atom. Explain how covalent bonds form molecules.
A Review BONDING. BONDING REVIEW 1. Be able to determine the valence electrons of representative elements using the periodic table. (Do not worry about.
Objectives Contrast ionic and molecular substances in terms of their physical characteristics and the types of forces that govern their behavior. Describe.
1 Section 8.1The Covalent Bond Section 8.2 Naming Molecules Section 8.3 Molecular Structures Section 8.4 Molecular Shapes (Hybridization and VSEPR model)
Chemical Bonding b Chapter 6. Chemical bond b The force (electrical attraction) that binds two atoms together.
Intermolecular Forces Chemistry 20. Types of Forces Ionic forces Ionic forces metal + non-metal, ionic crystals metal + non-metal, ionic crystals Within.
Chapter 8 “Covalent Bonding” Part 3 Ball-and-stick model.
Chemical Bonding And Intermolecular Forces. Chemical Bonds Forces of attraction that hold atoms or groups of atoms together and allow them to function.
Chemistry Semester Review: Compounds: Intermolecular forces: Intermolecular forces: 1.London (dispersion) forces; dipole-dipole forces; hydrogen bonds.
Intermolecular Forces Chemistry 11 Ms. McGrath. Intermolecular Forces The forces that bond atoms to each other within a molecule are called intramolecular.
Chapter 14 Covalent bonding.
Covalent Bonding Covalent Bond: a bond where atoms share electrons
Polarity within a Molecule
Molecular Geometries & Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular Forces
Chem Get WS stamped off from last class if you did not do so.
Chem Lewis Structures Exit Quiz next class period Mon 5/8, Tues 5/9
Starter S-63 What is an ionic bond? What is a covalent bond?
Chapter 3 An Introduction to Organic Reactions: Acids and Bases
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory
Chemical Bonding Unit 2 Topic 3 Chapter 6.
Intramolecular forces vs. Intermolecular forces
Chapter 10 Properties of Solids and Liquids
Chapter 6 – Modern Chemistry
HMSA: Do Now Get Bond Energy WS stamped if you did not do so before break Work on Lewis Structures Pre-Lab Complete first page (front and back) of note.
Molecular Structure and Shape
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
Chapter 8 Molecular Compounds.
Presentation transcript:

Organic Chemistry อ. สรชัย แซ่ลิ่ม ( อ. อ๊อด ) อ. สุภาวดี ศรีทาหาญ ( อ. หนึ่ง ) อ. สาโรจน์ บุญเส็ง ( อ. ป๊อบ )

What is organic chemistry? Organic chemistry is the study of the compounds of carbon. proteins enzymes C, H, O, N, S

History In 1828, Friedrich W ö hler Discovered:

THE STRUCTURAL THEORY OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY The atoms can form a fixed number of bonds (valence)

THE STRUCTURAL THEORY OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY A carbon atom can use one or more of its valence to form bonds to other atoms:

Three dimensional structure HYBRIDZATION Theory sp 3 HYBRIDZATION

sp 2 HYBRIDZATION

sp HYBRIDZATION

Hybrid atomic orbitals: sp 3 orbitals ⇒ tetrahedral sp 2 orbitals ⇒ trigonal planar sp orbitals ⇒ linear

REPRESENTATION OF STRUCTURAL FORMULAS

Exercise

Three-Dimensional Formulas

ระบุ Hybridization ของ Carbon Nitrogen และ Oxygen ที่ตำแหน่งต่างๆ

Polar Covalent bonds

Physical Properties ION-ION FORCES The strong electrostatic lattice forces in ionic compounds give them high melting points.

Physical Properties DIPOLE-DIPOLE attractions between the molecules of a polar compound HYDROGEN BONDS H-bond is weaker than an ordinary covalent bond; much stronger than the dipole-dipole interactions Z is a strongly electronegative element, usually oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine. London forces The attractive intermolecular forces between the molecules are responsible for the formation of a liquid and a solid of a nonionic, nonpolar substance

AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC REACTIONS: ACIDS AND BASES Substitution Reactions: Addition Reactions: Elimination Reactions: Rearrangement Reactions:

ACID-BASE REACTIONS OPPOSITE CHARGES ATTRACT

Bon-dissociation Heterolytic bond dissociation (heterolysis): electronically unsymmetrical bond Homolytic bond dissociation (homolysis): electronically symmetrical bond breaking ⇒ produces radicals. Heterolysis requires the bond to be polarized. Heterolysis requires separation of oppositely charged ions. Heterolysis is assisted by a molecule with an unshared pair:

HETEROLYSIS OF BONDS TO CARBON: CARBOCATIONS AND CARBANIONS CARBOCATIONS AND CARBANIONS Electrophile

Nucleophile

THE USE OF CURVED ARROWS IN ILLUSTRATING REACTIONS

General order of acidity and basicity THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRUCTURE AND ACIDITY

THE EFFECT OF HYBRIDIZATION Relative Acidity of the Hydrocarbon: Relative Basicity of the Carbanions:

INDUCTIVE EFFECTS

RESONANCE EFFECTS

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AS BASES