Question of the Day Mar 3 Which of the following is a chemical property of a material? A. Rust B. Color C. Texture D. Taste

DO NOW Mar 3 Jon Benet Ramsay Investigation Part III SgbYhttp:// SgbY

Question of the Day Mar 4 Which element has the greatest atomic mass? A. Carbon B. Lead C. Iron D. Neon

DO NOW Mar 4 Jon Benet Ramsay Investigation IV BtC6Ahttp:// BtC6A

Question of the DAY Mar 6 Which of the following is an organic compound? A. Cocaine B. TNT C. Penicillin D. A and B E. A, B, and C

DO NOW Mar 6 Jon Benet Ramsay Investigation V UDgPkwhttp:// UDgPkw

Classwork Mar 6 Questions 1-40 Due at the end of class. Completed Packet DUE on Monday Mar 10 I will NOT accept late work. GET YOUR WORK DONE!

Question of the DAY March 10 The atomic mass of an element is determined by its number of A. Protons and electrons B. Electrons and neutrons C. Protons and valence electrons D. Protons and neutrons

JonBenet Ramsey Investigation Detective Interview Aly2fPK-XEhttp:// Aly2fPK-XE

Question of the DAY March 12 Gel electrophoresis is a common analytical tool used in forensics to analyze DNA. Which of the following is required to perform this process? A. DNA Polymerase B. RNA Polymerase C. Helicase D. Endonuclease

DO NOW March 12 CASE STUDY: THE GREEN RIVER KILLER PART I WgUIrt1cyAhttp:// WgUIrt1cyA

Question of the DAY March 17 Gas chromatography separates a mixture using a A. stationary solid phase and moving gas phase B. stationary solid phase and moving liquid phase C. stationary liquid phase and moving gas phase D. moving liquid phase and a moving gas phase

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Chapter 5 Organic Analysis

Nature of Matter Physical and chemical properties can be used to classify evidence. –Identification and Comparison Materials (evidence) can be classified as Organic or Inorganic Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.

Nature of Matter atoms: tiny structures that determine the property of all matter smallest part of an element that still has the element’s properties

What is in an Atom? nucleus: small, dense positively charged center of the atom –proton: subatomic particle positive electric charge –neutron: subatomic particle neutral charge electron: subatomic particle with negative charge –outside of nucleus in a cloud –very small and are about 1/2000 the mass of a proton

Elements and Compounds element: a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means contain only one kind of atom compounds: contain atoms of more than one kind of element molecule: the smallest unit of a compound that keeps all the properties of that substance

Chapter 3 States of Matter

Solids definite shape and volume particles vibrate, but do not change position two categories: –crystalline: have an orderly arrangement of atoms or molecules like iron, diamonds, and ice –amorphous: no organized pattern like wax and rubber

Liquids have definite volume no definite shape particles slide past each other –move faster than that of solid

Gases no definite shape or volume take the shape and volume of their container particles of gas move rapidly –have most kinetic energy

Plasma starts as a gas and then becomes ionized no definite shape or volume particles have broken apart 99% of known matter in universe is plasma lightning, fire, aurora borealis, fluorescent light

Properties of Matter physical properties: color, shape, mass, volume Density = mass/volume –measured in g/cm 3 boiling point: liquid becomes a gas melting point: solid becomes a liquid Properties of substance remain the same.

Chemical Properties Change into a new substance New properties reactivity: combining chemically with another substance flammability: reaction in the presence of oxygen –burns when exposed to a flame

The Periodic Table of Elements groups similar elements together periodic law: states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of the elements

The Periodic Table periods: horizontal rows of the periodic table –number of protons and electrons increases by one as you move across a period –an electron energy level fills as you move across the period group: a vertical column of elements in the periodic table –have similar properties –have the same number of valence electrons

Element Information atomic number: number of protons in the nucleus of an atom mass number: the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom –an element always has the same number of protons, but can have different numbers of neutrons 6 C Carbon Atomic Symbol Atomic number Element name Average atomic mass

Isotopes an atom of an element with different number of neutrons three isotopes of hydrogen –one with no neutrons, one with 1 neutron, and one with 2 neutrons –all have 1 proton

Families of Elements elements are classified into three groups –metals: an element that is shiny and conducts heat and electricity well –nonmetals: an element that conducts heat and electricity poorly –semiconductor (metalloid): an element or compound that conducts electric current better than a nonmetal, but not as well as a metal does

QUESTION of the DAY March 18 Which process would be used to analyze a heat sensitive substance? A. Gas Chromatography B. High Performance Liquid Chromatography C. Gel Electrophoresis D. Thin-Layer Chromatography

Motivation versus Inspiration Do these two words mean the same thing to you?

Cell Phone Policy March 13 Effective Immediately Any Cell Phone I see in class will be taken. This is a District Wide School Policy.

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Chromatography Analytical technique for separating organic mixtures into their components. –Multicomponent specimens such as drugs Henry’s LAW – when a volatile chemical compound is dissolved in a liquid and is brought to equilibrium with air, there is a fixed ratio between concentration of volatile compound in air and in liquid. Ratio remains constant for a given temperature

Gas Chromatography dXVTMhttp:// dXVTM Separates mixtures on the basis of their distribution between a stationary liquid phase and a moving gas phase.

GC Process 1. Carrier gas fed into a steel or glass column –INERT gas used such as Nitrogen or Helium 2. Sample liquid injected and heated 3.Sample is vaporized in gas 4. Particles that remain in gas phase will move through column faster. –Column contains thin layer of liquid 5. Components enter a detector where results are recorded. 6. Chromatograph produced in a series of peaks FIGURE 5-5 Page 126

Gas chromatograph of drugs

Gel Electrophoresis - Separating DNA Endonucleases (restriction enzymes) cut DNA DNA fragments placed at one end of a porous gel. Electric voltage applied to the gel. Negatively charged DNA molecules move to opposite end of gel. Smaller fragments move faster and farther Compares the sequencing of a DNA sample to known sequences of different individuals

GEL ELECTROPHORESIS DNA FINGERPRINTING nsics+gel+electrophoresis+animation&qs=n &form=QBVR&pq=forensics+gel+electrop horesis+animation&sc=0-29&sp=- 1&sk=#view=detail&mid=9A F70 DF A F70DF587621http:// nsics+gel+electrophoresis+animation&qs=n &form=QBVR&pq=forensics+gel+electrop horesis+animation&sc=0-29&sp=- 1&sk=#view=detail&mid=9A F70 DF A F70DF587621

DNA Fingerprinting Which suspect’s DNA matches the evidence found at the crime scene?

Light Waves Wavelength – distance between adjacent crests Frequency – number of waves that pass a given point per second

Spectrophotometry Analysis and characterization of different chemical substances by the type and quantity of light they absorb.

Mass Spectrophotometry