Global connections Unit 3 Chapter 7 section 1 Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire The Frankish Kingdoms Early Middle Ages

The Early Middle Ages AD Characteristics (a dark age?) Characteristics (a dark age?) Culture Culture 3 elements (German, Christian, Roman) 3 elements (German, Christian, Roman) How did the Roman Catholic Church survive as the Empire fell? How did the Roman Catholic Church survive as the Empire fell? Autonomy (courts and law) Autonomy (courts and law) Leadership Leadership Organization Organization

Life after Rome: Barbarian tribes established Kingdoms throughout Europe

The Expanded Role of the Clergy Early Caesaropapism: Popes of this time were forced to assume both temporal and spiritual authority Early Caesaropapism: Popes of this time were forced to assume both temporal and spiritual authority Pope Gregory the Great ( ) (Chant) Pope Gregory the Great ( ) (Chant) exercised independent Temporal power (ex: helped the poor) exercised independent Temporal power (ex: helped the poor) St. Benedict (Monte Cassino 529): The rules for monastic life St. Benedict (Monte Cassino 529): The rules for monastic life The Role of Monks and Nuns The Role of Monks and Nuns Manuscript illumination Manuscript illumination Missionary work (St. Boniface) Missionary work (St. Boniface) Hospitals, education of farmers Hospitals, education of farmers

Germanic Culture Oral tradition Oral tradition Rural not urban Rural not urban Legal system Legal system Trial by ordeal Trial by ordeal Customs Customs Polygamy Polygamy Incest Incest Divorce Divorce Infanticide Infanticide

The Franks 486, Clovis conquers Gaul after making an alliance with the Roman Catholic Church 486, Clovis conquers Gaul after making an alliance with the Roman Catholic Church United all the Frankish Tribes United all the Frankish Tribes

Europe in 526 AD

Battle of Tours 732 Muslim army crossed into France Muslim army crossed into France Charles (The Hammer) Martel rallied Frankish warriors Charles (The Hammer) Martel rallied Frankish warriors Christians triumphed Christians triumphed Importance of this victory? Importance of this victory?

Charlemagne Charlemagne Grandson of Charles Martel Grandson of Charles Martel Hunting, riding, and singing Hunting, riding, and singing Christian upbringing Christian upbringing 4 legal wives and 6 concubines 4 legal wives and 6 concubines King of Franks King of Franks Became known as Charlemagne Became known as Charlemagne “Charles the Great” “Charles the Great”

Charles as Germanic Warrior Saved Papacy from Lombards Saved Papacy from Lombards Defeated the Byzantines and the Avars Defeated the Byzantines and the Avars Used fear and his incredible energy to control his Empire Used fear and his incredible energy to control his Empire He sought to awe conquered peoples with his fierce presence and terrible justice He sought to awe conquered peoples with his fierce presence and terrible justice 4,000 Saxons killed at Verdun in one day 4,000 Saxons killed at Verdun in one day

The Empire of Charlemagne

Battle of Roncesvalles 778 On way home form Spain his rear guard was ambushed by Basques or Saracens On way home form Spain his rear guard was ambushed by Basques or Saracens Charlemagne’s only defeat Charlemagne’s only defeat Roland became a great hero of many songs, dances, and romances (The Song of Roland) Roland became a great hero of many songs, dances, and romances (The Song of Roland)

Charles as Christian Administrator Delegated authority to local Counts Delegated authority to local Counts Checked on what they were doing using a system of Missi Dominici (agents of the King) Checked on what they were doing using a system of Missi Dominici (agents of the King) One clergy one layman (every year) One clergy one layman (every year) Accountability Accountability

Scholarship He Studied Logic, Rhetoric, Dialects He Studied Logic, Rhetoric, Dialects He could read Latin but could not write He could read Latin but could not write Sponsored education by establishing Cathedral schools (most imp?) Sponsored education by establishing Cathedral schools (most imp?) At his court in Aachen (aka. Aix- Le-Chapelle) Charlemagne assembled scholars At his court in Aachen (aka. Aix- Le-Chapelle) Charlemagne assembled scholars Alcuin of Northumbria Alcuin of Northumbria Einhard (Vita Caroli) Einhard (Vita Caroli)

Pope Leo III and the Coronation Asked for Charlemagne’s help against rebellious nobles in Rome Asked for Charlemagne’s help against rebellious nobles in Rome 800 AD, Christmas Day 800 AD, Christmas Day The Pope proclaimed him Emperor The Pope proclaimed him Emperor This event solidifies his identity as a man of Frankish practices and Christian ideals This event solidifies his identity as a man of Frankish practices and Christian ideals

The fall of the Carolingian Empire Louis the Pious ( ) Louis the Pious ( ) Charlemagne’s son Character Charlemagne’s son Character The Arrangement of the Empire 817 causes a civil war between his 4 sons The Arrangement of the Empire 817 causes a civil war between his 4 sons The Treaty of Verdun (843) The Treaty of Verdun (843) Charles the Bald, Louis the German and Lothar Charles the Bald, Louis the German and Lothar They were all too weak to keep local lords in check (used land to gain favors) They were all too weak to keep local lords in check (used land to gain favors)

The Treaty of Verdun