University of Jordan1 Neurophysiology- Organization of Central Nervous System- Introduction- L1 Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD.

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University of Jordan1 Neurophysiology- Organization of Central Nervous System- Introduction- L1 Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD

University of Jordan 2 Objectives At the end of the lecture students should be able to:  State the parts of the central nevous syten  Describe the level of organization of the CNS  List the major fuctions of the CNS  Compare the Endocrine system and nervous system  Describe the anatomy of the functional unit of the nervous system  Determine the area of communication in the CNS

University of Jordan 3 Comparison between Nervous and Endocrine Control System  Nervous system is fast compared to endocrine  Nervous system uses Action Potentials compared to chemicals (Hormones) the endocrine system uses  Nervous system have low gain compared to very high gain for the Endocrine system

University of Jordan 4 Organization of the Nervous System Sensory Division –tactile, visual, auditory, olfactory Integrative Division –process information, creation of memory Motor Division –respond to and move about in our environment

University of Jordan 5 Somatosensory Axis of the Nervous System

University of Jordan 6 Skeletal Motor Nerve Axis of the Nervous System

University of Jordan 7 Central Nervous System compared to Computer system

University of Jordan 8 Levels of CNS Function- 3 major levels 1.The spinal cord level more than just a conduit for signals from periphery of body to brain and vice versa  cord contains:  walking circuits  withdrawal circuits  support against gravity circuits  circuits for reflex control of organ function

University of Jordan 9 2.The Lower Brain Level  Contains: medulla, pons, mesencephalon, hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebellum and basal ganglia  Controls subconscious body activities: arterial pressure, respiration, equilibrium, feeding reflexes, emotional patterns

University of Jordan The Higher Brain or Cortical Level  Cortex never functions alone, always in association with lower centers  Large memory storehouse  Essential for thought processes  Each portion of the nervous system performs specific functions, but it is the cortex that opens the world up for one’s mind.

University of Jordan 11 Anatomy of a Neuron  3 major components: 1. Soma - main body of the neuron 2. Axon - extends from soma to the terminal the effector part of the neuron 3. Dendrite - projections from the soma the sensory portion of the neuron

University of Jordan 12 Functional Unit (Neuron)

University of Jordan 13 Anterior Motor Neuron

University of Jordan 14

University of Jordan 15 Communication Between Neurons  Through release of chemical transmitters more than 50 compounds have been identified as transmitter substances  General characteristics of neuronal communication: one-way conduction, always transmits signals in one direction this allows signals to be directed toward specific goals

University of Jordan 16

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