CSOM Long Version: Section 11 Learning Objectives zIdentify rationale for specialized supervision zDefine goals of curriculum zSummarize knowledge regarding sex offenders and their victims zIdentify emerging approaches to supervision

CSOM Long Version: Section 12 Who are Victims? zThree Studies that Document Sexual Victimization in the United States 1.) Kilpatrick, Edmunds, & Seymour, (1992). Rape in America: A Report to the Nation 2.) Tjaden & Thoennes, (1998). Prevalence, Incidence, and Consequences of Violence Against Women 3.) Saunders, (2000). National Survey of Adolescents

CSOM Long Version: Section 13 Findings zRape in America y78 rapes per hour of women 18 and older.

CSOM Long Version: Section 14 Findings (cont.) zNVAW Survey yUsing a definition of rape that includes forced vaginal, oral, and anal intercourse, 18% of U.S. women surveyed said they experienced a completed or attempted rape in their lifetime. y3% of U.S. men surveyed said they experienced a completed or attempted rape in their lifetime. y1 of 6 U.S. women and 1 of 33 U.S. men have experienced an attempted or completed rape as a child and/or adult.  In last 12 months: approximately 876,100 rapes perpetrated against U.S. women.

CSOM Long Version: Section 15 Findings (cont.) zRape in America y62% of victims under 18 years of first assault. zNVAW Survey y22% of victims under age first assault. y32% of victims between 12 and 17 years of first assault.

CSOM Long Version: Section 16 Findings (cont.) zNational Survey of Adolescents yN = 4,023 adolescents in U.S. households (age 12-17) y8.1% reported experiencing at least one sexual assault in their lifetime y1.8 million adolescents have been sexually assaulted in their lifetime (based on 1995 U.S. Census data)

CSOM Long Version: Section 17 Relationship Between Victim and Offender (Rape in America)

CSOM Long Version: Section 18 Relationship Between Victim and Offender (NVAW Survey) Known

CSOM Long Version: Section 19 Relationship Between Victim and Offender ( National Survey of Adolescents) zNearly 3 in 4 (74%) -- perpetrators were someone the victim knew well zAlmost 1 in 3 (32.5%) -- perpetrators were friends with the victim zMore than 1 in 5 (23.2%) -- perpetrators were strangers to the victim zAbout 1 in 5 (21.1%) -- perpetrators were family members of the victim

CSOM Long Version: Section 110 Location of Sexual Abuse (National Survey of Adolescents)  30.5% in the victim’s home z 23.8% in the victim’s neighborhood z 15.4% at the victim’s school

CSOM Long Version: Section 111 Reporting of Sexual Abuse (National Survey of Adolescents)  86% NOT reported to the authorities z 13% reported to police z 5.8% reported to child protective services z 5% reported to school authorities z 1.3% reported to other authorities * Some cases were reported to more than one authority.

CSOM Long Version: Section 112 Consequences of Sexual Assault for Victims zProstitution zPsychiatric problems zHomelessness zHIV (Rape in America, 1992) z Eating disorders z Suicide z Substance Abuse z Self-Esteem Problems z Teen pregnancy

CSOM Long Version: Section 113 Sexual Assault and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (National Survey of Adolescents)

CSOM Long Version: Section 114 Initial Mental Health Effects of Child Sexual Abuse zFear zAnxiety zLow self-esteem zDepression zAnger and hostility zSexual behavior problems zAggressive/ delinquent behavior From Saunders, (1999). zSubstance use/ abuse/dependency zImpaired social functioning zDistorted cognitive schemata zImpaired affective processing

CSOM Long Version: Section 115 Long-Term Mental Health Effects of Child Sexual Abuse zSexual disorders zPTSD zDepression zSuicidal ideation and attempts zAnxiety disorders zSubstance use/ abuse/dependency zSomatic complaints From Saunders, (1999). zPersonality disorders zDissociative disorders zLow self-esteem zImpaired social relationships zIncreased vulnerability to other victimizations and traumatic experiences

CSOM Long Version: Section 116 What is a Sex Offense? zAny sexual behavior with a child or with a non-consenting adult zPenetration, contact, or non-contact behaviors zSome pornography-related activities

CSOM Long Version: Section 117 Overview of Sex Offenders zAll socioeconomic, racial, ethnic groups zMajority don’t present as “typical” criminal

CSOM Long Version: Section 118 Offense Cycle zSex offenses are planned zCulmination of a series of events zOffending behaviors are rationalized

CSOM Long Version: Section 119 Typology of Sex Offenders zChild Molesters yFixated/Pedophile yRegressed/Situational zRapists yAnger yPower ySadistic zNon-contact offenders: Not included (e.g., voyeurs and exhibitionists) (Groth, 1979)

CSOM Long Version: Section 120 Challenges to Sex Offender Supervision zVictims assaulted in familiar places by individual they know zOffenders being supervised in same community where victim lives zOffense patterns characterized by secrecy, deceit, repetitiveness, and extreme trauma to victims zCross-over offense patterns zFragmented response and service systems

CSOM Long Version: Section 121 Emerging Sex Offender Supervision Practices zShared, consistent philosophy, and strategy zPrimary concern for victim safety and recovery zPrevention of future victimization zSex offenders held accountable for their actions

CSOM Long Version: Section 122 Emerging Sex Offender Supervision Practices (cont.) zSome offenders can be managed safely and some cannot. zA collaborative effort involving: ySupervision and treatment providers, yVictim advocates and polygraph examiners, yAll agencies with responsibility for sex offender management.

CSOM Long Version: Section 123 Collaboration... zImproves communication zAllows for quicker, less intrusive responses to victims zPromotes the exchange of ideas among disciplines zFacilitates sharing of information zImproves problem solving zProvides on-going support zIncreases understanding zFosters a unified and comprehensive approach

CSOM Long Version: Section 124 Emerging Sex Offender Supervision Practices (cont.) zTraditional methods may not apply zInformed and consistent public policy zIncludes evaluation and monitoring