1 County of Los Angeles Department of Public Health Division of HIV and STD Programs Jason Dawson, MPH Program Support Services The State of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic April 23, 2012 Handout 1 of 2 (Be sure to print handout 2 as well)

HIV AIDS 2 Immune Acquired Deficiency Syndrome AIDS HumanHuman Immunodeficiency Immunodeficiency VirusVirus HIV

HIV/AIDS Defined AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Kills or impairs cells of the immune system Progressively destroys body’s ability to fight infections and certain cancers “AIDS” applies to most advanced stage of HIV infection

HIV/AIDS Defined cont. CDC definition (AIDS): HIV+ test, T-cell count of < 200 (healthy T-cell count ranges from ) - or - HIV+ test, and one or more opportunistic infections (OIs) or certain cancers* *TB, Pneumocystis pneumonia, Candidiasis, Kaposi’s sarcoma, cervical cancer

Although the AIDS rate in Los Angeles County is lower than the rate in other areas of the US, in sheer number, Los Angeles County is second only to New York City in the cumulative number of reported AIDS cases among major metropolitan areas. Only 4 states, including the rest of California, have reported more cases than LAC LAC has reported 36% of all California AIDS cases. 6

Special Characteristics of HIV  Weakens and compromises the immune system  HIV replicates in large quantities  Ability to mutate (change itself) very quickly 7

ACTIVITY 8 Elephants and Lions

Does HIV kill a person? 9

Manifestations of HIV Infection  No physical symptoms, and healthy results on tests of immune function.  No physical symptoms, but show some signs of immune system damage on medical tests of the immune system.  Mild or severe symptoms of HIV disease. 10

Common Opportunistic Infections  Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia (PCP)  CMV Infection  HIV Wasting Syndrome  Candidiasis (oral, esophageal, vaginal)  Kaposi’s Sarcoma  Tuberculosis  HIV - Related Dementia  Cervical Cancer 11

12 HIV Transmission Breathing Coughing Sneezing Kissing (dry) Sharing or touching gum Drinking from water fountains Sharing food or drinks Causal touching Telephones Pools/tubs Shaking hands Toilet seats Giving/donating blood People cannot get HIV from:

HIV Transmission HIV is NOT transmitted by urine, feces, saliva, sweat, tears or giving/donating blood. By Infected Body Fluids: Breast milk Blood 1234 Semen, pre-cum Vaginal secretions 13

14 Oral VaginalAnal HIV Transmission By Unprotected Sex: 1 2 3

HIV Transmission By Exchanging Infected Blood Sharing needles for any purpose Sharing needles for any purpose Injection drug use Piercing/ tattooing Insulin, hormone vitamin shots Acu- puncture 1234

HIV Transmission Mother To Child Transmission during pregnancy (in uterus) during birth process (delivery) breastfeeding (through breast milk/blood) Perinatal transmission can be significantly reduced to less than 2% through the use of anti-HIV drugs during pregnancy (AZT) 16