CONTEMPORARY STATE OF THE RESEARCH AND THE EVALUATION OF THE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN SLOVAKIA * STATE GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF DIONYZ STUR, SLOVAK REPUBLIC, BRATISLAVA ** MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT OF SLOVAK REPUBLIC, BRATISLAVA A. REMŠÍK* – P. HANAS** – M. BÍM**

Tectonic map of Slovak Republic 1971 – Geothermal research – State Geological Institute of Dionyz Stur, Bratislava 1995 – Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia – State Geological Institute of Dionyz Stur, Bratislava

HYDROGEOTHERMAL CONDITIONS Total area of Slovak Republic is km 2 Slovak Republic – 26 prospective areas of geothermal waters Area of the prospective regions ranges from 30 to 1882 km 2, mainly 150 – 900 km 2 Geological setting of the Slovak Republic is favourable for occurrence of geothermal energy resources. Twenty-six geothermal areas or structures, covering km 2 (27 %) of the Slovak territory, have been identified as prospective areas for occurrence of potentially exploitable geothermal resources.

Prospective areas of geothermal water in Slovakia

Geothermal waters are largely bounded to Triassic dolomites and limestones of the Krizna and Choc nappes, less frequently to Neogene sands, sandstones, conglomerates, andesites and related pyroclastics. These aquifers lie at depths of m (except in spring areas) and the reservoir temperatures of their geothermal waters range from 20 to 240°C. Lately, following prospective areas were explored: the Košice basin (Ďurkov area), the Poprad basin, the Liptov basin the Skorušina depression, and the Central depression of the Danube basin (Galanta area). Temperature at a depth of 1000 m varies from 20 to 74 °C with the average value of 45 °C. The average value of the heat flow density is 82,1 mW/m 2 ± 20,5 mW/m 2, with the minimum value of 40.6 and maximum value of 121,6 mW/m 2. HYDROGEOTHERMAL CONDITIONS (continued)

Geothermal waters were documented by 117 geothermal wells. Their total discharge amounts app l/s, with temperature 18 – 129 °C, which represents the thermal power of MWt. Geothermal waters have been achieved by wells with depth 92 – 3616 m. Yields of wells at the outflow reached values from 0,3 – 100 l/s. Prevailing composition of geothermal waters is Na-HCO3-Cl, Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4 and Na-Cl with TDS 0,4 – 90,0 gr/l. Thermal-energy potential of the geothermal wells represented 0,1 -29,0 MWt, mainly 1 – 6 MWt. The total amount of thermal-energy potential of geothermal waters in prospective areas (proven, predicted and probable) represents 5538 MWt. Geothermal wells verified 5.5 % of the total thermal-energy potential of the geothermal sources in the Slovak Republic, but only 2.3 % (131 MWt ) of the potential are utilised. What the proven thermal-energy potential is concerned, only 53 % of it is utilised at present. HYDROGEOTHERMAL CONDITIONS (continued)

Perspektívna oblasť, štruktúraTeplota (°C) Výdatnosť (l/s) Tepelný výkon MW t Mineralizácia (g/l) (min - max) centrálna depresia PD ,1 – 25,00,01 – 6,800,5 – 18,6 komárňanská vysoká kryha ,1 – 70,00,05 – 7,330,7 – 0,8 komárňanská okrajová kryha ,0 – 6,00,75 – 1,023,1 – 90,0 viedenská panva ,0 – 25,02,91 – 6,596,8 – 10,9 levická kryha ,0 – 53,06,32 – 14,4219,2 – 19,6 topoľčiansky záliv a BK ,7 – 18,80,12 – 1,780,7 – 5,9 Hornonitrianska kotlina ,5 – 22,00,05 – 4,080,4 – 1,9 skorušinská panva ,0 – 100,01,09 – 17,160,8 – 1,3 Liptovská kotlina ,0 – 31,00,43 – 5,300,5 – 4,7 levočská panva Z a J časť ,0 – 61,20,33 – 6,080,6 – 4,0 Košická kotlina ,9 – 65,00,12 – 29,00,7 – 31,0 Prehľad výsledkov geotermálnych vrtov realizovaných na Slovensku

Perspektívna oblasť, štruktúraTeplota (°C) Výdatnosť (l/s) Tepelný výkon MW t Mineralizácia (g/l) (min - max) Turčianska kotlina5412,42,022,5 komjatická depresia78122,520,1 dubnícka depresia ,5 – 15,00,17 – 2,401,6 – 30,0 trnavský záliv2414,50,552,52 stredoslov. neovulkanity SZ časť ,5 – 23,20,17 – 3,100,4 – 4,5 Žilinská kotlina ,4 – 22,00,60 – 1,510,4 – 0,5 hornostrhár.-trenčská prepadlina ,5 – 10,50,09 – 0,500,4 – 3,1 Rimavská kotlina ,3 – 45,00,19 – 1,011,7 – 5,9 levočská panva SV časť ,0 – 5,00,57 – 1,208,7 – 12,3 humenský chrbát2940,2511,9 Spolu ,1 – 100,00,01 – 29,000,4 – 90,0 Prehľad výsledkov geotermálnych vrtov realizovaných na Slovensku (pokračovanie)

GEOTHERMAL UTILIZATION Geothermal water in Slovak Republic is used just for direct- use in agricultural farms, for space heating, fish farming and for recreational purposes. In 12 agricultural farms geothermal water is used for greenhouse heating and soil heating. Utilization of heat in agriculture provides great possibilities for early production of vegetables (cucumber, tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, etc.) and flowers. The total area covered by greenhouses is about 25,86 ha.

GEOTHERMAL UTILIZATION (continued) There are 13 localities where geothermal water is used for heating. Geothermal water is utilized for heating of service buildings in Galanta, Topolniky, Komarno, Besenova, Liptovsky Trnovec and Poprad, for hotels heating in Besenova, Velky Meder, Podhajska and Sturovo and for block of flats and hospital in Galanta. For sport hall heating it is used in Topolniky, in Novaky-Kos it is utilized for heating of miner's dressing rooms and air heating in brown coal mine. Geothermal water is utilized for fish farming on Vrbov and Turcianske Teplice. In 32 localities geothermal water is used for recreational purposes, mainly in swimming pools. Comparison of the verified thermal power of geothermal waters (306,8 MWt) and actually exploited thermal power of geothermal waters (131 MWt) shows unsatisfactory utilization of the resources of geothermal energy Podiely jednotlivých druhov obnoviteľných a druhotných zdrojov energie na technicky využiteľnom potenciáli (Uznesenie vlády SR č. 282/2003)

DruhTechnicky využiteľný potenciál (TJ)(%) biomasa ,7 geotermálna energia ,5 solárna energia ,5 odpadové teplo ,8 biopalivá9 0006,9 malé vodné elektrárne3 7222,9 veterná energia2 1781,7 Celkom

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT At present, hydrogeothermal evaluation is being performed in three prospective areas, namely in Topolcany embayment and Banovce basin in Humenne ridge and in Rimava Basin. New projects are getting ready for verification of the resources of geothermal energy in prospective areas. Drilling of new geothermal wells is included in these projects.

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