1.1 EXPLORING STATISTICAL QUESTIONS Unit 1 Data Displays and Number Systems

1.1 Exploring Statistical Questions data – information that is gathered by counting, measuring, questioning, or observing (pg. 416) statistical question – a question that would be answered by collecting or analyzing data (pg. 435) statistics – (1) the study of numerical data: collecting, organizing, and analyzing data to interpret it and answer questions (2) the numerical data itself (pg. 435) range – the difference between the maximum and minimum in a data set. The range is a measure of how spread out a distribution is (pg. 431)

1.2 Creating Dot Plots dot plot – a sketch of data with dots marked above a labeled line maximum – the greatest number in a set of data minimum – the smallest number in a set of data distribution – the arrangement and frequency of data values in a data set

1.2 Creating Dot Plots variability – how spread out the values in a set of data are median – the middle value in a set of numerical data when the numbers are listed in order from smallest to largest, or from largest to smallest mode – the value or values that occur most often in a data set

1.3 Introducing the Mean average – a typical value for a set of numbers. The word average usually refers to the mean of a set of numbers mean – a typical value for a set of numerical data, often called the average. The mean is found by dividing the sum of the numbers by the number of numbers in the set

1.4 Introducing the Mean as a Balance Point balance point – for data, it refers to the mean

1.5 Comparing Mean, Median, and Mode measure of center – a value representing what is typical or central to a data set. Mean and median are both measure of center outlier – a value far from most of the others in a data set. Outliers are commonly much larger or much smaller than other values

1.7 Introducing Histograms histogram – a bar graph of numerical data that are grouped into intervals, called bins, along a number line. The number of the values within an interval determines the height of the bar. Many histograms have fixed intervals, or equal-width bins bin – an interval for collecting, aggregating, organizing, or graphing data

1.8 Examining Shapes of Graphs cluster -

1.10 Introducing Integers counting number – the numbers used to count things. The set of counting numbers is {1,2,3,4…} whole number – the counting numbers, together with 0. The set of whole numbers is {0,1,2,3,4…} positive number – a number that is greater than zero; a number that to the right of zero on a number line, or above zero on a vertical number line. A positive number may be written using the + symbol, but is usually written without it. For example, +10 = 10

1.10 Introducing Integers negative number – a number that is less than zero; a number to the left of zero on a horizontal number line or below zero on a vertical number line. The symbol – may be used to write a negative number. For example, “negative 5” is written as -5 integer – a number in the set {…, -4,-3,-2,- 1,0,1,2,3,4…}; a whole number or the opposite of a whole number, where 0 is its own opposite

1.10 Introducing Integers rational number – any number that can be written as an integer divided by a nonzero integer. For example, 2/3, -2/3, 60% = 60/100, and = - 5/4

1.13 Locating Negative Rational Numbers on the Number Line opposite – a number that is the same distance from 0 on the number line as a given number, but on the opposite site of 0. For example, the opposite of +3 is -3 and the opposite of -5 is +5

1.14 Plotting Ordered Pairs of Rational Numbers in 4 Quadrants ordered pair – two numbers that are used to locate a point on a rectangular coordinate grid. The first number gives the position along the horizontal axis, and the second number gives the position along the vertical axis. The numbers in an ordered pair are called coordinates. Ordered pairs are usually written inside parentheses: (5,3) coordinate grid – a grid formed by two number lines that intersect at their zero points and form right angles. Each number lines is referred to as an axis

1.14 Plotting Ordered Pairs of Rational Numbers in 4 Quadrants quadrant – one of the four sections of a rectangular coordinate grid. The quadrants are typically numbered I, II, III, IV counterclockwise beginning at the upper right origin – (1.) the point (0,0) where the two axes of a coordinate grid meet. (2.) The 0 point on a number line x-axis – in a coordinate grid, the horizontal number line

1.14 Plotting Ordered Pairs of Rational Numbers in 4 Quadrants y-axis – in a coordinate grid, the vertical number line