Reconstruction of the Greek city of Miletus in ancient Ionia The Classical Greek Polis: Urbanism and Democracy Reconstruction of the Greek city of Miletus in ancient Ionia

The Classical Greek Polis: Urbanism and Democracy Priene, Turkey, 4th cen. BC (c. 350 BC)

hilltop citadel + palace = total urban area I. Democratic culture produces a new kind of public space & new public buildings A. What were the two poles of Classical Greek cities? Classical Bronze-Age Greece Priene, Turkey, 4th cen. BC (c. 350 BC) acropolis “high city” Mycenae (c. 1400 B.C.) hilltop citadel + palace = total urban area agora

Priene, Turkey, 4th cen. BC (c. 350 BC) I. A. agora – town square, place where people assembled to agoreuein (“to speak to one another”) Priene, Turkey, 4th cen. BC (c. 350 BC) Aristotle said that an acropolis was suitable for oligarchy and monarchy and level ground for democracy (see Politics 7.10.4). Greek historian/ethnographer Herodotus wrote that the king of the Persia said: “I never yet feared the kind of men who have a place set apart in the middle of the city [i.e., the agora] in which they get together and tell one another lies under oath” (Herodotus, History, 1.153). acropolis downtown with agora

Priene Priene, Turkey stoa agora I. B. Locate the major public buildings in a Classical Greek city I. B. 1. stoas a. Definition b. Activities displayed to the public in stoas Priene Priene, Turkey stoa agora

Remains of the Bouleuterion in Priene I. B. 2. council/senate house (bouleuterion) Remains of the Bouleuterion in Priene Priene, Turkey

Remains of the Ionic Temple of Athena Polias I. B. 3. urban temples Remains of the Ionic Temple of Athena Polias in Priene, c. 334 B.C. Priene, Turkey

Theater at Priene, c. 300 B.C., seats 6000 I. B. 4. theater Theater at Priene, c. 300 B.C., seats 6000 Priene, Turkey

Greek theaters bind audience to place through performance I. B. 4. Greek theaters bind audience to place through performance Theater at Priene, c. 300 B.C.

Archaic period: Greek colony of Paestum (Italy) II. Planned cities in Greece: a reflection of Pythagorean principles and a product of democratic values Archaic period: Greek colony of Paestum (Italy) Classical period: Greek new town of Priene (ancient Ionia)

Priene Miletus Piraeus (port of Athens) II. A. The Hippodamian city plan Priene Miletus Piraeus (port of Athens)

II. A. 1. Who was Hippodamus of Miletus? Hippodamus of Miletus (5th cen. B.C.), the first to theorize the gridded city plan. Priene, Turkey

1. Streets at right angles. 2. Quarters divided into blocks II. A. 2. What were the five main features of the Hippodamian plan? Priene, Turkey 1. Streets at right angles. 2. Quarters divided into blocks 3. Blocks subdivided into housing lots 4. Public buildings set into the system without interfering with traffic 5. Plan laid over any terrain. Priene

Priene: N/S street from temple to agora Priene: main E/W street II. A. 3. How do we know that Pythagorean principles governed nature and not the other way around? Priene: N/S street from temple to agora Priene: main E/W street

II. A. 4. What is the nature of city wall in Greek planned cities? Priene, Turkey