What is Petroleum? By Jesse Villella Destani Lopez Jennifer Magnotta.

Petroleum  a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons that is present in certain rock strata and can be extracted and refined to produce fuels including gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oil; oil.

Word derived from Greek ◦ Petros = rock ◦ Oleum = oil

What can petroleum be made into?  Natural gas  Gasoline  Naphtha  Kerosene  Lubricating  Paraffin  Asphalt

Is oil still a source of air pollution? What is being done to reduce its impacts?  CAA- Clean Air Act  Recently amended in 1990  Involved new requirements for air quality

What is being done to make oil extraction less environmentally damaging?  The storage of carbon dioxide in old oil and gas fields will help capture the emission of carbon dioxide  Cogeneration  Catalysts

Do any organizations promote the production and use of petroleum? If so, what arguments do they use?  Exxon 1)As societies advance, they will continue to need energy to power homes, businesses, industry, transportation, electricity generation and other vital services. 2)After decades of growth, energy-related CO2 emissions are expected to plateau around 2030, despite a steady rise in overall energy demand  Energy API Industry practice has changed a lot in the past 50 years, even the past 10 years. Advancements in technology allow us to conduct many aspects of our operations far more efficiently than just a few years ago. This efficiency translates to smaller "footprints" (the amount of surface area disturbed), less waste generated, cleaner and safer operations, and greater compatibility with the environment.

Does petroleum development and utilization receive any funding from the government?  In the United States, credible estimates of annual fossil fuel subsidies range from $14 billion to $52 billion annually, while even efforts to remove small portions of those subsidies have been defeated in Congress, as shown in the graphic below.

What key legislation bears upon petroleum, within U.S. and Pennsylvania?  The United States Environmental Protection Agency  an agency of the U.S. Federal Government which was created for the purpose of protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress.

What is the OPEC?  The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries  The OPEC is a permanent intergovernmental organization, currently consisting of 12 oil producing and exporting countries, spread across three continents America, Asia and Africa.

 The members are Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates & Venezuela.

OPEC  The economics of industry depends, in part, on its costs, of which a large part is represented by the cost of energy, such as gasoline or fuel oil. The cost of these oil products is affected by the price of crude oil, taxation and other factors.  The price of crude oil is influenced by the decisions taken by all oil producers, particularly the prices for which they are willing to sell and the quantities they are willing and able to supply.

Sources  eum eum    facts/energy-sources/petroleum/ facts/energy-sources/petroleum/ 